Articular System

Question 1

Pivot joint

Answer 1

(b/w vertebrae)

Question 2

Hinge joint

Answer 2

(b/w humerus + ulna)

Question 3

Saddle joint

Answer 3

(b/w metacarpal + carpal)

Question 4

Ball & socket joint

Answer 4

(b/w hip + femur)

Question 5

Condyloid joint

Answer 5

(b/w metacarpal + phalanx)

Question 6

Plane joint

Answer 6

(b/w tarsals)

Question 7

It is defined as the physical connection between two bones.

Answer 7

Articulation or Joint

Question 8

FUNCTIONS of ARTICULAR SYSTEM:

Answer 8

It holds bones together.
It allows movement.
It makes bone growth possible.

Question 9

The science that deals with the study of joints.

Answer 9

ARTHROLOGY

Question 10

Classification of Joints

Answer 10

Functional Classification
Structural Classification

Question 11

Focuses on the degree of motion at each joint.

It Includes:

Synarthrosis – immovable joint (ex, skull)
Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joint (ex. between vertebrae)
Diarthrosis – freely movable joint ( ex. knee, elbow, wrist)

Answer 11

Functional Classification

Question 12

– immovable joint (ex,)

– slightly movable joint (ex.)

– freely movable joint ( ex.)

Answer 12

Synarthrosis , skull

Amphiarthrosis, between vertebrae

Diarthrosis, knee, elbow, wrist

Question 13

Based on the major connective tissue type that binds the bones together and whether there is a fluid filled joint capsule.

Answer 13

Structural Classification

Question 14

Three Major Structural Classes of Joints

Answer 14

Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints

Question 15

Fibrous Joints CLASSIFICATION

Answer 15

1.Sutures
2. Syndesmoses
3. Gomphoses

Question 16

The bones are united by fibrous connective tissue.
They allow little or no movement.
Based on structure, joints in this group are further classified into: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Answer 16

Fibrous Joints

Question 17

These are fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.

They are immovable due to interlocking junctions between the bones and short numerous connective fibers.

Ex. coronal suture between frontal and parietal bones

Answer 17

Sutures

Question 18

These are fibrous joints where the bones are separated by some distance and are held together by ligaments.

Ex. interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

Answer 18

Syndesmoses

Question 19

Consist of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments.
Ex. the joint between a tooth and its socket

Answer 19

Gomphoses

Question 20

Unite two bones by means of cartilage. Two types of cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis, Symphysis

Answer 20

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 21

Two types of cartilaginous joints:

Answer 21

Synchondrosis, Symphysis

Question 22

Bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage.

Ex. costal cartilage connection between a rib and the sternum

Answer 22

Synchondrosis

Question 23

Synchondrosis Bones are joined together by .

Answer 23

hyaline cartilage

Question 24

Bones are joined together by fibrocartilage.

Ex. pubic symphysis and the joints between the bodies of vertebrae.

Answer 24

Symphysis

Question 25

Symphysis, Bones are joined together by .

Answer 25

fibrocartilage

Question 26

They are commonly referred to as freely movable joints, however their flexibility does vary. All have certain characteristics in common.

Answer 26

Synovial Joints

Question 27

FOUR Functions synovial joints

Answer 27

Articular/Hyaline Cartilage Two-Layered Joint Capsule Synovial Fluid Ligament

Question 28

Prevent friction between articulating bones

Answer 28

Articular/Hyaline Cartilage

Question 29

• Two-Layered Joint Capsule - Strengthen joint - To secrete synovial fluid

Answer 29

Outer Layer Inner Layer

Question 30

Reduce friction between articular cartilages Nourish articular cartilage Rid the joint of waste

Answer 30

Synovial Fluid

Question 31

To connect one bone to another

Answer 31

Ligament

Question 32

The classification of synovial joints is according to the

Answer 32

shape of the adjoining articular surfaces.

Question 33

Types of Synovial Joints

Answer 33

Plane or Gliding Joints Saddle Joints Hinge Joints Pivot Joints Ball and Socket Joints Ellipsoid or Condyloid

Question 34

Consists of two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other. Ex. between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra

Answer 34

Plane or Gliding Joints

Question 35

Plane or Gliding Joints ex.

Answer 35

between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra

Question 36

Symphysis ex.

Answer 36

pubic symphysis and the joints between the bodies of vertebrae.

Question 37

Synchondrosis ex.

Answer 37

costal cartilage connection between a rib and the sternum

Question 38

Gomphoses ex.

Answer 38

the joint between a tooth and its socket

Question 39

Syndesmoses ex.

Answer 39

interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

Question 40

Sutures ex.

Answer 40

coronal suture between frontal and parietal bones

Question 41

Plane or Gliding Joints ex.

Answer 41

between two carpal bones, articular processes between vertebra

Question 42

Consists of two saddle – shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to one another. Allow movement in two planes. Ex. base of the thumb, trapezium of the wrist.

Answer 42

Saddle Joints

Question 43

Saddle Ex.

Answer 43

base of the thumb, trapezium of the wrist.

Question 44

Consists of a convex cylinder of one bone applied to a corresponding concavity of the other bone. Permit movement in one plane. Ex. elbow and knee joints.

Answer 44

Hinge Joints

Question 45

Hinge Joints Ex.

Answer 45

elbow and knee joints.

Question 46

Consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone. Restrict movement to rotation around a single axis. Ex. joint between the atlas and axis, joint at proximal ends of radius and ulna.

Answer 46

Pivot Joints

Question 47

Pivot Joints Ex

Answer 47

. joint between the atlas and axis, joint at proximal ends of radius and ulna.

Question 48

Consist of a ball at the end of one bone and a socket in an adjacent bone into which a portion of the ball fits. Allows a wide range of movement in any direction. Ex. shoulder and hip joints.

Answer 48

Ball and Socket Joints

Question 49

Ball and Socket Joints Ex.

Answer 49

shoulder and hip joints.

Question 50

A modified ball and socket joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated. The shape of the joint limits its range of movement nearly to a hinge motion, but in two planes. Ex. joint between the occipital condyles of the skull, atlas of the vertebral column.

Answer 50

Ellipsoid or Condyloid

Question 51

Ellipsoid or Condyloid Ex.

Answer 51

joint between the occipital condyles of the skull, atlas of the vertebral column.