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human anatomy exam 2 > articulations > Flashcards

articulations Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

articulation

A

-joint
-point of contact between one bone and another bone, cartilage, or teeth

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2
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

articulations vary in

A

stability and mobility

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4
Q

articulations are classified based on

A

-joint structure
-amount of mobility/function

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5
Q

fibrous joints

A

-bones held together by dense connective tissue
-no joint capsule

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6
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

-bones held together by cartilage
-no joint capsule

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7
Q

synovial joints

A

have joint capsules

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8
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable

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9
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable

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10
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely moveable

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11
Q

degree of movement from immovable to freely

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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12
Q

gomphoses

A

peg and socket joint

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13
Q

sutures

A

-joints between skull bones
-no movement

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14
Q

syndesmoses

A

-joints between parallel bones
-slight movement

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15
Q

bones joined by dense regular connective tissue

A

gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses

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16
Q

bones joined by cartilage

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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17
Q

synchondroses

A

joints joined together by hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

symphyses

A

bones joined together by fibrocartilage

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19
Q

synovial joints

A

-freely mobile diarthrosis
-articulating bones separated by a joint cavity
-include commonly known joints (knee, elbow)

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20
Q

major structural components of synovial joints

A

-articular capsule
-joint cavity
-synovial fluid
-articular cartilage
-ligaments
-nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

helps decrease friction

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22
Q

articular capsule (outer)

A

-outer fibrous layer: regular CT
-function: joint stability

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23
Q

articular capsule (inner)

A

-inner synovial membrane
-function: secretes synovial fluid

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24
Q

articular cartilage

A

-articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
-reduces friction and acts as shock absorber

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25
ligaments
-dense regular CT -connect bone to bone -strengthen and reinforce capsule -extrinsic and intrinsic
26
extrinsic ligaments
separate from articular capsule
27
intrinsic ligaments
-thickening of articular capsule -extracapsular, intracapsular ligaments
28
sensory nerves
-detect pain, injury -detect amount of stretch in a joint (posture, movement)
29
blood vessels
nourish tissues within the joint
30
bursae
-fluid-filled sacs -contain synovial fluid
31
tendon sheaths
elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas (wrist, ankle) where tendons rub each other
32
fat pads
-packing material -provide protection
33
plane joints
-uniaxial -side to side movement
34
hinge joints
-uniaxial -like a hinge of a door -elbows and knees -movement in one plane
35
pivot joints
-uniaxial -one bone rotates on its longitudinal axis
36
condylar joints
-biaxial -oval or concave surface of one bone, convex of the other
37
saddle joints
-biaxial -joint surfaces resemble saddle shape
38
ball-and-socket joints
-multiaxial -spherical head into cuplike socket -should and hip -greatest range of motion -freely moveable
39
four types of motion that can occur at synovial joints
-gliding -angular -rotational -special movements
40
gliding motion
-occurs primarily in plane joints -no change in joint angles -bones slide slightly back-and-forth or side-to-side -limited motion
41
angular motion
-increases or decreases angles between two bones -flexion, extension, hyperextension
42
flexion
decreases angle between bones
43
extension
increases angle between bones
44
hyperextension
angle is increased to great than 180 degrees
45
lateral flexion
trunk of body moves in coronal plane laterally away from midline of body
46
movement of lateral flexion
primarily between cervical and lumbar vertebrae
47
why is lateral flexion not in thoracic vertebrae
it is where the ribs are
48
abduction
movement away from the midline
49
adduction
movement toward the midline
50
angular motion of hand at wrist
-radial deviation (movement toward radius) -ulnar deviation (movement toward ulna)
51
angular motion at the digits
middle finger is considered the midline
52
circumduction
-proximal end of appendage remains stationary, and the distal end moves in an arc -ball and socket
53
depression
movement downward/inferiorly
54
elevation
raising of a body part
55
protraction
movement anteriorly
56
retraction
movement posteriorly
57
inversion
sole of foot faces toward the midline
58
eversion
sole of foot faces laterally
59
dorsiflexion
-on heels -raising toes
60
plantar flexion
on tip toes
61
opposition of thumb and little finger
-touch tip of fingers with thumb -allows grasping
62
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
-modified hinge joint -TMJ dislocation: can't close your mouth -TMJ pain
63
TMJ: articulating structures
-head of mandible -temporal bone
64
acromioclavicular joint: articulating structures
-acromial end of clavicle -acromion of scapula
65
acromioclavicular joint: supporting ligaments
-acromioclavicular ligament -coracoclavicular ligament
66
glenohumeral joint
diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
67
glenohumeral joint: features
-fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum: ring of cartilage to keep joints stable -ligaments: caracoacromial, coracohumeral, glenohumeral -tendon of biceps brachii -rotator cuff muscles
68
shoulder separation
acromioclavicular joint
69
shoulder dislocation
glenohumeral joint
70
elbow joint
-diarthrotic hinge joint composed of humeroulnar and humeroradial joints -trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna -capitulum of humerus with head of radius -both joints enclosed in single articular capsule
71
elbow joint: tendons
-biceps brachii -triceps brachii
72
elbow joint: supporting ligaments
-radial (lateral) collateral ligament -ulnar (medial) collateral ligament -annular ligament
73
collateral ligament
ligament on the outside
74
tommy john surgery
ulnar collateral ligament stretches and strains
75
annular ligament
ring-like ligament that travels around the head of the radius
76
hip (coxal) joint
diarthrotic ball-and-socket joint
77
hip joint: articulating bones
-head of femur -acetabulum of os coxae
78
hip joint: features
-acetabulur labrum of fibrocartilage -articulate capsule with retinacular fibers around neck of femur
79
hip joint: ligaments
-iliofemoral -ischiofemoral -pubofemoral -ligament of head of femur
80
knee joint
-diarthrotic hinge joint containing two articulations (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral) -largest and most complex diarthrosis of body -prepatellar bursa
81
tibiofemoral joint
between tibial condyles and femoral condyles
82
patellofemoral joint
between patella and patellar surface of femur
83
knee joint: supporting structures
fibrocartilage pads on tibial condyles (medial meniscus and lateral meniscus)
84
function of medial and lateral menisci
keep condyles together
85
knee joint: supporting structures
-quadriceps tendon continuous with patellar ligament -fibular (lateral) collateral ligament: femur to fibula -tibial (medial) collateral ligament: femur to tibia -anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL)
86
cruciate
cross within the intercondylar fossa
87
torn meniscus
-very common -caused by twisting -severe cases need surgery
88
torn ACL
-planting and moving directions quickly -surgically repaired
89
torn cartilage
caused by aggressive movement
90
sprains
-stabilizing ligaments are stretched or torn -inflammation
91
dislocations
bones are forced out of alignment
92
itis
inflammation
93
bursitis
-inflammation of bursa -due to friction
94
tendonitis
-inflammation of tendon -due to friction
95
arthritis
inflammation of joint(s)
96
osteoarthritis (OA)
-long term degenerative -long term wear and tear
97
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
-autoimmune disease -immune system attacks normal and healthy joint tissue

human anatomy exam 2 (8 decks)

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