appendicular skeleton

Question 1

appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

-bones of limbs
-girdles of bones that attach limbs to axial skeleton

Question 2

pectoral girdle

Answer 2

-articulates with the trunk
-supports the upper limbs

Question 3

pectoral girdle consists of

Answer 3

2 clavicles and 2 scapulae

Question 4

clavicle

Answer 4

-articulates medially with manubrium
-articulates laterally with acromion
-conoid tubercle on inferior surface

Question 5

scapula borders

Answer 5

superior, medial, lateral

Question 6

scapula angles

Answer 6

lateral, superior, inferior

Question 7

bone in brachium

Answer 7

humerus

Question 8

bones in antebrachium

Answer 8

radius and ulna

Question 9

interosseous membrane/ligament

Answer 9

intermediate to radius and ulna

Question 10

in anatomical position, the radius and ulna are

Answer 10

-parallel
-radius lateral to ulna
-supination

Question 11

pronation

Answer 11

-involves the radius crossing over the ulna
-palm faces posteriorly

Question 12

carpals

Answer 12

-8 wrist bones
-two rows of four (proximal and distal)

Question 13

proximal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

Answer 13

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 14

distal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

Answer 14

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 15

metacarpals

Answer 15

-five bones in the palm
-named by roman numerals I-V

Question 16

metacarpal I

Answer 16

base of the thumb

Question 17

metacarpal V

Answer 17

base of the little finger

Question 18

phalanges

Answer 18

-14 per hand
-digits I-V

Question 19

number of phalanges per finger

Answer 19

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

Question 20

number of phalanges per thumb

Answer 20

-2 (proximal and distal)
-pollex

Question 21

pelvic girdle

Answer 21

consists of the right and left ossa coxae

Question 22

bony pelvis

Answer 22

pelvic girdle with the sacrum and coccyx

Question 23

os coxae

Answer 23

-hip bones
-fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis
-fusion typically occurs between 13-15 years of age

Question 24

articulations of os coxae

Answer 24

-anteriorly at pubic symphysis
-posteriorly with the sacrum
-laterally with femur at acetabulum

Question 25

ilium

Answer 25

-largest of the three fused coxal bones -makes up superior portions of os coxa and acetabulum

Question 26

ischium

Answer 26

posterior region of os coxae

Question 27

pubis

Answer 27

anterior region of os coxae

Question 28

pelvic brim

Answer 28

continuous oval ridge formed by pubic crest, pectineal line, arcuate line, and sacral promontory

Question 29

true pelvis

Answer 29

-below the pelvic brim -urinary bladder

Question 30

false pelvis

Answer 30

-above the pelvic brim -supports abdominal region

Question 31

most reliable indicator of the sex of a skeleton is the

Answer 31

pelvis

Question 32

major differences of the pelvic girdle

Answer 32

-male: narrow subpubic angle -female: wide subpubic angle

Question 33

patella

Answer 33

-kneecap within tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle -triangular with broad superior base and inferiorly pointed apex -articulates with patellar surface of femur

Question 34

tibia and fibula

Answer 34

-make up crural region -parallel to each other -tibia is medial to fibula -tibia is weight-bearing -connected by an interosseous membrane/ligament

Question 35

tarsals

Answer 35

-7 bones -cuboid -cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral) -navicular -talus -calcaneus

Question 36

talus

Answer 36

-superiormost -weight-bearing -articulates with tibia

Question 37

calcaneus

Answer 37

-largest -forms the heel

Question 38

metatarsals

Answer 38

-5 bones in the sole of the foot -proximally with tarsals -distally with phalanges -identified by roman numerals I-V from medial to lateral

Question 39

hallux

Answer 39

big toe

Question 40

phalanges

Answer 40

-14 bones per foot -digits I-V

Question 41

number of phalanges per toe

Answer 41

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

Question 42

number of phalanges per big toe

Answer 42

2 (proximal and distal)

Question 43

functions of foot arches

Answer 43

help prevent pinching of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

Question 44

three major arches

Answer 44

-medial longitudinal -lateral longitudinal -transverse

Question 45

medial longitudinal arch

Answer 45

-heel to hallux -highest arch

Question 46

lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 46

-heel to fifth toe -lowest arch

Question 47

transverse arch

Answer 47

-perpendicular to other arches -along distal row of tarsals