Artificial Selection (2/12) Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

a group of inter-breeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

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2
Q

What does it take for a hybrid to be successful?

A
  1. ) It is capable of producing viable (fertile) offspring

2. ) It exploits niche that differs it from its parents

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3
Q

Three Reasons Darwin Focused on Artificial Selection

A
  1. ) Natural selection is often too slow for us to observe in a life time
  2. ) Artificial Selection has resulted in dramatic changes
  3. ) Artificial Selection demonstrates inheritance

** ARTIFICIAL SELECTION IS
WHEN PEOPLE DO THE SELECTING **

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4
Q

Darwin’s Dillema

A
  1. ) What is the source of this variability?

2. ) How does variability work?

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5
Q

Gregor Mendel

A
  • pea plant experiments

- applied statistical principle to biology and recognized the value of large scale experiments

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6
Q

Blending Hypothesis

A

predicts that each hereditary factor is permanently diluted in a hybrid

** proved to be incorrect by Mendel through “discrete units”

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7
Q

Chromatids

A

each of the two threadlike strands which a chromosome divides longitudinally during a cell division

  • humans have 46
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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

a pair of chromatids make up a chromosome; threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells

  • carries the genetic information in the form of genes
  • huamans have 23 pairs
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9
Q

Mitosis

A

normal cell division;

in the parent cell, each chromosome is copied and 2 daughter cells are produced

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10
Q

Meiosis

A

reproductive cell division;

in the parent cell, each chromosome is copied and 4 egg or sperm are produced (unpaired chromosome)

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11
Q

Locus

A

a fixed position on a chromosome

  • i.e. the position of a gene or a marker
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12
Q

Homozygous

A

the 2 alleles are identical

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13
Q

Heterozygous

A

the 2 alleles are different

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14
Q

Dominant Allele

A

expressed even when heterozygous

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15
Q

Recessive Allele

A

only expressed when homozygous

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16
Q

Five Tenents of Mendelian Genetics

A
  1. ) Phenotypic traits are determined by units of heredity called genes
  2. ) One gene codes for one trait
  3. ) Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
  4. ) Each parent contributes one randomly chosen allele of gene to each offspring
  5. ) Each pair of alleles (genes) behaves independently of other allele pairs
17
Q

Principle of Segregation

A

each parent contributes one randomly chosen allele of gene to each offspring

18
Q

Principle of Independent Assortment

A

each pair of alleles (gene) behaves independently of other allele pairs

19
Q

Which Tenents of Mendelian Genetics Are Often Broken?

A
  1. ) One gene codes for one trait

2. ) Some Alleles are dominant and others are recessive