AS Genetics Flashcards
What is non overlapping
Each base in the sequence is only read once
What is degenerate
Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
What is universal
The triplets code for the same amino acids across all organisms
What is intron
A non coding section of DNA
What is an exon
Coding section of DNA
Describe two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA
Eukaryotic DNA contains histones,is longer due to introns
Prokaryotic DNA shorter due to no introns only exons and doesn’t contain histones
What is a gene
Base sequence of DNA that codes for
Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide,or a functional RNA such as ribosomal RNA or a transfer RNA
What is a genome
Complete set of genes in a cell including those in mitochondria or chloroplasts
where does a gene occupy
a particular section of DNA called a locus
what is a proteome
the full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
outline the structure of an mRNA molecule
long strand
single helix
base sequence determined in transcripton
what is the function of mRNA
it acts as a template for protein synthesis
outline transcription
DNA helicase acts at a specific gene
breaking hydrogen bonds between bases exposing them
free RNA nucleotides bind to their complimentary bases on the DNA
RNA polymerase forms sugar phosphate backbone of RNA molecule
pre-mRNA is then formed
what is splicing of pre-mRNA
the removal of introns in eukaryotic cells
