receptors

Question 1

what are the type of sodium ion channels on pacinian corpuscles

Answer 1

strech mediated sodium ion channels

Question 2

what happens to the strech mediated sodium ion channels when pressure is applied to the skin

Answer 2

they open and causes an influx of sodium ions

Question 3

what are pancian corpuscles

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors they detect mechanical stimulii and they are found in the skin

Question 4

what do pancian corpuscles contain

Answer 4

a sensory nerve ending wrapped in layers of connective tissue called lamellae.

Question 5

where a rod cells mainly found and how many types of them are there

Answer 5

mainly located in the peripheral parts of the retina

1 type so they give information in black and white

Question 6

how many rod cells connect to one bipolar cell and how sensitive are they to light

Answer 6

they have a high sensitivity to light

and many rod cells join to one bipolar cell

Question 7

what kind of visual acuity do rod cells have

Answer 7

low visual acuity

Question 8

where are cone cells found

Answer 8

they are mainly located in the fovea

Question 9

how many types of rod cells are there

Answer 9

3 types one for each wavelength of light so they give information in colour

Question 10

how many cone cells join to one bipolar cell

Answer 10

one cone joins to one bipolar cell

Question 11

what kind of sensitivity to light do cone cells have

Answer 11

low sensitivity to light

Question 12

what kind of visual acuity do cone cells give

Answer 12

a high visual acuity

Question 13

why do cone cells give high visual acuity

Answer 13

as cones are close together
one cone joins to one bipolar neurone
when light from two points hit two cones two A/Ps go to the brain
so distinguish between two points close together as two seperate points

Question 14

why are rod cells sensitive to light

Answer 14

many rods join one bipolar neurone
so many weak generator potentials combine
to reach threshold and trigger an action potential

Question 15

why are cones not sensitive to light

Answer 15

one cone joins to one bipolar neurone
so it takes more light to reach threshold
and trigger an action potential

Question 16

why do rods have low visual acuity

Answer 16

many rods join to one bipolar neurone

means light from two points close together can’t be told apart

Question 17

what are photoreceptors

Answer 17

the receptors in your eye that detect light

Question 18

what is cardiac muscle

Answer 18

it is myogenic meaning it can contract and relax without nerve impulses/signals

Question 19

what is the function of the sinoatrial node

Answer 19

sets rhythm of heartbeat by sending out regular waves of electrical activity to atrial walls
causing left and right to contract at the same time

Question 20

what prevents the electrical activity passing directly from the atria to ventricles

Answer 20

band of non-conducting collagen tissue prevents electrical activity passing from atria to ventricles

Question 21

what is the electrical activity transferred to instead of going directly from atria to ventricles

Answer 21

electrical activity goes from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node

Question 22

what is the function of the atrioventricular node

Answer 22

passing waves of electrical activity on to the bundles of his
slight delay before AVN reacts to make sure the atria are empty before ventricles contract

Question 23

What is the bundle of his

Answer 23

group of muscle fibres responsible for conducting the waves of electrical activity between the ventricles and apex of the heart

Question 24

what does the bundle of his split into it

Answer 24

finer muscle fibres in both ventricles called the purkyne tissue

Question 25

what is the function of the purkyne fibres

Answer 25

it carries waves of electrical activity into the muscular walls of the right and left ventricles causing them to contract simultaneously from bottom up

Question 26

what are the pressure receptors called

Answer 26

barorrecptors
they are in the aorta and carotid arteries
stimulated by high and low blood pressure

Question 27

what are the chemical receptors in the medulla, carotid arteries and aorta called

Answer 27

chemoreceptors

moniter pH, oxygen level of blood and carbon dioxide level of the blood

Question 28

out line the response to high blood pressure

Answer 28

baroreceptors detect high blood pressure
send impulses along sensory neurone into medulla
this sends impulses along parasympathetic neurones
these secrete acetylcholine
which binds to receptors on SAN
causing heart rate to slow down

Question 29

outline the response to low blood pressure

Answer 29

baroreceptors detect low blood pressure
send impulses along sensory neurone into medulla
this sends impulses along sympathetic neurones
these secrete noradrenaline
which binds to receptors on SAN
causing heart rate to increase

Question 30

outline the response for high blood O2,Low CO2 or high blood pH levels

Answer 30

chemoreceptors detect chemical changes in the blood
send impulses along sensory neurones to the medulla
this sends impulses along parasympathetic neurones
these secrete acetylcholine
which binds to receptors on SAN
causing heart rate to decrease

Question 31

outline the response for low blood O2,high CO2 or low blood pH levels

Answer 31

chemoreceptors detect chemical changes in blood
sends impulses along sensory neurones to the medulla
this sends impulses along sympathetic neurones
this secretes noradrenalne
which binds to receptors on SAN
causing heart to increase