ASA101 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
When sailing, always be aware of the wind’s _______
A
[direction] and speed
2
Q
The desirable force generated by the wind moving across a sail is called _______
A
[lift]
3
Q
The direction relative to the wind in which the sailboat cannot sail is called the _______
A
No sail zone
4
Q
Sailboats can reach an upwind destination by sailing a _______
A
[tack]
5
Q
The point of sail at the edge of the no-sail zone is called _______
A
[close-hauled]
6
Q
A boat sailing across the wind is said to be _______
A
[reaching]
7
Q
Sailing straight downwind is called _______
A
[running]
8
Q
As the sailboat’s direction changes relative to the wind, so should the sail’s _______ be adjusted
A
angle, trim
9
Q
The combination of the true wind and the wind created by the boat’s motion is called _______
A
[apparent wind]
10
Q
The _______ is an underwater fin fixed on the bottom of the sailboat that provides stability and lateral resistance
A
[keel]
11
Q
The sailboat’s direction through the water is controlled by the means of either a _______ or a _______
A
[rudder], tiller or steering wheel
12
Q
Identify this part: The structure that supports the sails is called the _______
A
[mast]
13
Q
Identify this part: The horizontal pole that extends from the mast and holds the bottom of the mainsail is called the _______
A
[boom]
14
Q
Identify this part: The area where the crew operates the sailboat is called the _______
A
[cockpit]
15
Q
Identify this part: The front part of the sailboat is called the _______
A
[bow]
16
Q
Identify this part: The back part of the sailboat is called the _______
A
[stern]
17
Q
Identify this part: The support wires that hold the mast in place are called _______
A
[shrouds]
18
Q
Identify this part: The cable that supports the mast from the front is called the _______
A
[headstay/forestay]
19
Q
Identify this part: The underwater control surface that steers the boat is called the _______
A
[rudder]
20
Q
Identify this part: The vertical stay that supports the mast from the back is called the _______
A
[backstay]
21
Q
Identify this part: The mechanism for adjusting the mainsail is called the _______
A
[mainsheet]
22
Q
Identify this part: The rope used to control the headsail is called the _______
A
[jibsheet]
23
Q
Identify this part: The fitting that secures the boom to the mast is called the _______
A
[gooseneck]
24
Q
Identify this part: The sail connected to the head stay is called the _______
A
[headsail/jib]
25
Identify this part: The line that controls the angle of the boom is called the _______
[boom vang]
26
Identify this part: The line that keeps the boom lifted is called the _______
[boom topping lift]
27
The left side of the boat when facing forward is called _______
[port]
28
The right side of the boat when facing forward is called _______
[starboard]
29
The front of the boat is referred to as _______
[forward]
30
The back of the boat is referred to as _______
[aft]
31
The direction in which the wind is coming from is called _______
[windward]
32
The direction away from the wind is called _______
[leeward]
33
The floor of the boat is called _______
Deck
34
The back of the boat is called _______
Transom
35
The boat is driven from is called _______
Helm
36
The posts on the deck that hold the lifelines are called _______
Stanchions
37
The lines attached to the stachions are called _______
Lifelines
38
The area in the front of the boat is called _______
Pulpit
39
The posts that hold the shrouds away from the mast are called _______
Spreaders
40
The line that hoists a sail is called _______
Halyard
41
The top of a sail is called _______
Head
42
The front corner of a sail is called _______
Tack
43
The back corner of a sail is called _______
Clew
44
The leading edge of a sail is called _______
Luff
45
The trailing edge of a sail is called _______
Leech
46
The bottom edge of a sail is called _______
Foot
47
The slats in a sail to provide rigidity are called _______
Battens
48
The direction when facing towards the stern is called _______
Aft
49
The direction when facing the bow is called _______
Ahead
50
The direction when facing to either side is called _______
Abeam
51
When should the mainsail be raised?
When the sailboat is oriented head to wind
52
What should you do to the sails when turning the boat toward the wind?
The sails should be trimmed in.
53
What should you do to the sails when turning the boat away from the wind?
The sails should be eased out.
54
What does it mean when sails are 'fluttering'?
They are said to be luffing.
55
What is the best way to steer the boat on a straight course?
Look toward the shore and pick a landmark to steer toward.
56
What is it called when you turn the bow of the boat toward the wind?
You are heading up
57
What happens when you turn the bow of the boat away from the wind?
You are bearing away
58
What is the 'golden rule' of sail trim?
'When in doubt, let it out.'
59
What is the term for when the boat is stopped, pointed toward the wind with the sails luffing?
It is said to be in irons.
60
What is the term for sailing close to the wind?
Close-hauled.
61
What is the term for sailing with the wind coming from the side?
Beam reach.
62
What is the term for sailing with the wind coming from behind?
Run.
63
What is it called when the wind is blowing on the port side?
The boat is said to be sailing on a port tack.
64
What is it called when the wind is blowing on the starboard side?
The boat is said to be sailing on a starboard tack.
65
What is the term for turning the boat so the bow passes through the wind?
Tacking.
66
What is the term for changing tacks by turning the boat so its stern passes through the wind?
Jibing.
67
What are the helmsman's commands for tacking the boat?
'Ready about!' and 'Helm's a-lee!'
68
What are the helmsman's commands for jibing the boat?
‘Prepare to jibe’ and 'Jibe ho!'
69
What is important to do when jibing safely?
Trim the mainsail toward the centerline
70
What is sailing on a run with the mainsail and jib on opposite sides called?
Sailing wing-on-wing.
71
What does it mean if the wind is on the same side of the boat as the mainsail while sailing downwind?
The boat is said to be sailing by the lee.
72
What is the danger of sailing by the lee?
The increased risk of an accidental jibe.
73
What is the fastest way to change the sail's power?
To change its angle to the wind
74
What does the outhaul change?
The **foot** of the mainsail. Changes the depth of the **draft**.
75
What does tightening the halyard, downhaul, or Cunningham do?
Moves the draft of the mainsail by changing tension on the luff
76
What part of the sail does the boom vang affect
Leech
77
How do you get full power from the mainsail?
**Ease** it until it just starts to luff, then trim the mainsail in so it just stops **luffing**
78
What are two ways to change the sail's angle to the wind?
A: easing or trimming
B: heading up or bearing away
79
What is the tendency for the boat to head up toward the wind called?
Weather helm.
80
What is the tendency for the boat to bear away from the wind called?
Lee helm.
81
What are four ways to decrease the heel of the boat while sailing close-hauled?
a) Move crew to windward side
b) head up slightly, into the edge of the no-sail zone.
c) ease the main sheet
d) Move the traveler to leeward.
82
What is reducing the size of a sail so that less area is exposed to the wind called?
Reefing.
83
What is the primary purpose of a Bowline knot?
Form a non-slipping loop, tie jib sheets to clew of jib.
84
What is the primary purpose of a Figure 8 knot?
Keep line from slipping through fairlead or block
85
What is the primary purpose of a Square knot?
Tie two ends of a line together
86
What is the primary purpose of a Cleat hitch?
Secure a dock line to a horn cleat.
87
What is the primary purpose of a Clove hitch?
Temporary tie-up to dock piling, attach fenders to stanchion.
88
What is the primary purpose of a Round turn and 2 half hitches?
More secure tie-up to dock piling
89
What can you do when you want a break while sailing?
Make the boat lie hove-to
90
How do you heave-to?
By backing the jib sail, easing the main sheet, and putting the helm to leeward.
91
What is the dock line used to secure the bow of the boat to the dock?
Bow line.
92
What is the dock line used to secure the stern of the boat to the dock?
Stern line.
93
What dock line keeps the boat from moving aft?
Forward Spring line
94
What dock line keeps the boat from moving forward?
Aft Spring line
95
What are used to protect the hull from contact with the dock or other boats?
Fenders.
96
What is the ideal point of sail on which to approach a mooring ball?
On a close reach.
97
Which is the best approach a dock under sail?
Upwind approach
98
What does Rule 5 (the 'Lookout Rule') require all vessels to maintain?
A proper lookout using **sight** and **hearing**, and any other available means (e.g., radar).
99
What is the responsibility of every vessel operator?
To avoid a collision.
100
The ______-______ vessel’s obligation is to maintain _____ and _____ (right of way)
Stand-on
Course and speed
101
The ______-______ vessel’s obligation is to __________.
- Give-way
- Maneuver out of the way of the stand-on vessel.
102
When two sailing vessels are approaching on opposite tacks, which vessel is the stand-on vessel?
The vessel with the wind on the starboard side.
103
When two vessels are sailing with the wind on the same side, which vessel is the stand-on vessel?
The vessel to leeward.
104
What is a sailboat defined as when its engine is running and in gear?
A power-driven vessel, regardless of whether the sails are raised.
105
What should a powerboat do when not in a channel or restricted in its ability to maneuver?
**Give way** to a sailboat under sail, unless the sailboat is **overtaking** the powerboat.
106
What should power-driven vessels do when meeting head-on?
Neither boat is **stand-on**.
Both Alter course to starboard and pass port-to-port.
107
In a crossing situation, what should powerboat A do if it sees powerboat B on its starboard side?
Give way.
108
What must the give-way vessel do?
Take early and substantial action to keep clear.
If the give-way vessel does not, the **stand-on** vessel must take action.
109
What must nearly all vessels do regarding documentation?
Be **registered with the state** in which they operate, and/or **documented through the U.S. Coast Guard** Vessel Documentation Center.
110
How many Type I, II, III, or V life jackets must be on board?
At least one for each person.
111
What are examples of visual distress signals?
Flares,
Smoke signals,
Distress flags,
Electric distress lights
112
What can serve as a sound-producing device?
An air horn.
113
What must any sailboat under 26 feet in length with an engine carry?
A valid registration.
114
A vessel overtaking another vessel must ________ to the vessel, being overtaken.
Give way
115
Any sailboat under 26 feet in length with an engine must carry a ______ _______
Fire extinguisher
116
What lights must a sailing vessel over 23 feet display at night or in restricted visibility?
- red sidelight on the port side,
- green sidelight on the starboard side,
- white light on the stern.
117
What additional light must a sailboat 23 feet or longer display when its engine is operating in gear at night?
A white steaming light in addition to the sidelights and stern light.
118
What is the Federal limit for blood alcohol content?
The Federal limit for blood alcohol content is 0.08 percent.
119
What is a floating aid anchored to the bottom in the Aids to Navigation system?
A buoy.
120
What are the three features that identify Lateral Aids to Navigation?
Color, shape, and number.
121
What phrase helps remember which side to keep the starboard-hand (red) markers when entering a channel from seaward?
Red right returning.
122
What type of buoy has red and white vertical stripes and is safe to pass on either side?
A safe water buoy.
123
What is the procedure for recovering a crewmember who has fallen overboard (MOB)?
1. Appoint spotter
2. Throw flotation device(s)
3. Maneuver back on a close reach.
4. Stop the boat by luffing the sails and bring the MOB aboard.
124
Why does the Figure-8 recovery method work well on small boats?
There is no jibe, thereby reducing the risk of a second MOB.
125
What is one of the most important steps to take before going sailing?
Checking the weather forecast.
126
What can be provided to a friend or relative regarding sailing plans?
A float plan for contacting the authorities if you do not make contact on schedule.
127
What is a beacon in the Aids to Navigation system?
A fixed mark that can be on land or in the water
