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Asa104 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

What items should be packed in carry-on luggage rather than checked baggage?

A

Four items that should be packed in carry-on luggage rather than checked baggage.

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2
Q

What powers the bilge pump activated by the float switch?

A

The battery powers the bilge pump activated by the float switch.

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3
Q

How do you fill a cruising sailboat’s freshwater tank?

A

First determine that the dock’s freshwater supply is available, then fill the tank through the appropriate inlet.

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4
Q

What does a freshwater pump cycling on and off indicate?

A

It indicates an open faucet or a leak in the plumbing.

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5
Q

What should you do after using the propane stove?

A

First turn off the propane supply and let the gas in the line burn off before turning off the burner.

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6
Q

How do you flush the marine head?

A

First pump in some water, then pump sufficiently to ensure the waste reaches the holding tank.

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7
Q

What is the first step to pump out a marine holding tank?

A

First unscrew the cap firmly in the waste outlet.

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8
Q

How is the battery bank recharged when not connected to shorepower?

A

The battery bank is recharged most effectively by the engine’s alternator with the engine running at a specified RPM or higher.

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9
Q

What does an inverter do?

A

An inverter converts DC electricity from the battery banks to AC electricity, allowing the use of low-wattage AC appliances when not on shorepower.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of an emergency tiller?

A

An emergency tiller fits into the top of the rudder and can be used to steer the boat if the steering cables fail.

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11
Q

How is diesel engine cooling achieved?

A

Diesel engine cooling is achieved by means of two systems: a pressurized antifreeze system and a raw-water cooling system.

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12
Q

What is an important spare part to have on board for engine cooling?

A

The pump that circulates seawater in the engine’s raw-water cooling system.

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13
Q

What factors affect a sailing vessel’s range under power?

A

Four factors that affect a sailing vessel’s range under power.

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14
Q

What repair items and spares should be carried on board?

A

At least four repair items and spares in addition to the boat’s basic equipment.

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15
Q

How is a mainsail hoisted?

A

The mainsail is hoisted with a halyard when deployed using the traditional style, while an in-mast furling mainsail is operated differently.

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16
Q

What should you do to control the rate at which a roller furling jib deploys?

A

Take a turn of the line around a winch to prevent overrides from occurring in the furling.

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17
Q

What do overpowered sails create?

A

Excessive weather helm, to which a boat responds by turning into the wind. This response is known as weather helm.

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18
Q

How do you maintain a straight course with excessive weather helm?

A

Hold the tiller at a large angle, which causes drag and slows the boat.

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19
Q

What should you do to maintain control in gusts when sailing to windward?

A

Head up until the gust passes or ease the sails using the sheet or traveler.

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20
Q

What should you do when sailing on a broad reach in gusts?

A

Steer farther downwind to reduce the wind speed.

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21
Q

What happens as you head up from a downwind course to an upwind course in constant true-wind conditions?

A

You will experience more apparent wind, and it may be necessary to trim the sails.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a preventer when sailing downwind?

A

A preventer holds the boom to leeward to stop it swinging around in lumpy seas and to prevent an accidental jibe.

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23
Q

What are the three methods to de-power the sails prior to reefing?

A

Decreasing the sails’ angle of attack, adding weight, and flattening the sails.

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24
Q

How should you prepare your boat and crew for heavy weather?

A

Securely stow gear, don harnesses and life jackets, and adjust the sail plan.

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25
What is the technique that uses the engine and mainsail only?
Mainsail-only sailing; it uses the increased wind to contribute toward both propulsion and stability.
26
What is a skipper responsible for?
The safety of the vessel; the skipper will always be held responsible.
27
List at least four important items of emergency equipment that should be checked before departure.
1. Fire extinguisher 2. First aid kit 3. Life jackets 4. Flares
28
What should be done when controlling a dockline from on board?
Take at least one turn around a cleat to take the load and avoid rope burns.
29
What are the two primary factors to assess when docking or undocking under power?
Wind and current.
30
What is the flow of water generated by the propeller called?
Prop wash.
31
What is the tendency for the stern of the boat with a right-handed prop to move to when reverse gear is first engaged?
Starboard.
32
What maneuver is required to make a 180-degree turn in a limited space?
Perform a pivot turn, turning to starboard with alternate bursts of power.
33
What should be used to control the boat during adverse wind conditions while docking or undocking?
Docklines as well as the engine and the rudder.
34
What must be considered regarding docklines with greater tidal range?
The longer the docklines must be to allow the boat to rise and fall with the tide.
35
List three indications that your anchor may be dragging.
1. Boat movement 2. Change in angle of the anchor line 3. Increased depth readings.
36
What is the method called when two anchors are set from the bow 45 to 60 degrees apart?
The Bahama moor or two-anchor method.
37
What is essential for a perfect pick up when approaching a mooring buoy?
Preparation and communication.
38
What is the primary means for making urgent communications?
The VHF radio.
39
What are the three levels of urgency for VHF radio communications?
1. Distress for life-threatening situations 2. Urgency for urgent situations 3. Safety for navigation or weather hazards.
40
What do the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) establish?
Actions to prevent collisions; Rule 2 states that the vessel is responsible for avoiding a collision.
41
What lights must a sailboat under sail show at night?
A masthead light alone; if under power, a white light above deck-level sidelights.
42
What should be done before towing a dinghy?
Remove loose gear and tilt or remove the outboard motor.
43
What should be used when towing a dinghy?
A proper towline, attaching the dinghy securely to the sailboat, and towing it at a speed appropriate for the conditions.
44
What must you do when arriving in a foreign country?
You must fly the nation's courtesy flag just below your starboard flag.
45
What does a large-scale chart show?
A large-scale chart shows a small geographic area in detail.
46
What does a small-scale chart show?
A small-scale chart shows a large area in less detail.
47
How do you measure the distance between two points on a nautical chart?
Span your dividers between the two points, then measure on the latitude/longitude scale.
48
What is your Estimated Time Enroute if the distance between waypoints A and B is 18 nm and your speed is 5 knots?
Your ETA will be 3.6 hours. If you depart A at 0845, your ETA at B will be 1215.
49
What is the direction of intended travel called?
Your direction of intended travel is called the course.
50
What allows your course and track to be the same?
A properly calculated and steered course will allow your course and track to be the same.
51
What does dead reckoning use to determine a DR position?
Dead reckoning uses the boat's speed, direction, and time elapsed.
52
What gives a fix in navigation?
The intersection of two or more lines gives a fix, which is the calculated position of the boat.
53
What is important when navigating with a GPS plotter?
It's important to use the appropriate scale to ensure you have the correct level of detail for safety.
54
What is the vertical datum from which soundings are referenced on NOAA charts?
The vertical datum is mean lower low water (MLLW).
55
What is the vertical datum on British Admiralty charts?
The vertical datum is chart datum.
56
How does wind circulate in the Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes?
Wind circulates clockwise and outward from a high-pressure system, and counterclockwise and into a low-pressure system.
57
What are the lower threshold wind speeds for Small Craft Advisory, gale, storm, and hurricane using the rule of 15s?
Small Craft Advisory: 15-20 knots, Gale: 34-40 knots, Storm: 48-55 knots, Hurricane: 64 knots or higher.
58
What type of fog forms on clear nights with light wind?
Radiation fog forms on clear nights with light wind.
59
What type of fog requires wind to transport warm air over cold water?
Advection fog may persist even in strong winds.
60
What are three actions to take when navigating in low visibility?
1. Reduce speed. 2. Use radar. 3. Sound fog signals.
61
What does synoptic-scale describe?
Synoptic-scale describes weather patterns over a large area.
62
What is an onshore breeze driven by?
An onshore breeze is driven by differential heating of land and sea.
63
List three measures to prevent seasickness.
1. Take the helm. 2. Scan the horizon. 3. Maintain a stable position.
64
What do the contents of a marine first-aid kit depend upon?
The number of people aboard and the distance from assistance.
65
How should a hypothermic crewmember be treated?
By warming them. ## Footnote A patient with heat exhaustion needs rapid cooling and hydration.
66
What are distress signals used for?
To attract attention when you need assistance.
67
What is the best way to communicate with rescue authorities in coastal waters?
Using your VHF radio.
68
What should you do if involved in a boating accident?
Make a formal report to the USCG if injuries are beyond first aid or damages exceed a certain amount.
69
What is required by law when rendering assistance to another vessel at sea?
Assistance should never exceed your level of capability and safety.
70
What factors determine your choice of MOB maneuver?
The boat's point of sail, wind and sea conditions, and the skill and experience of those on board.
71
What should be the final approach for a Man Overboard recovery?
On a close reach to control boat speed and to stop to windward or leeward.
72
What should you do if your propeller becomes fouled while motoring?
Shift to neutral gear. If the line is tightly wrapped, turning the engine off may free the line.
73
What could cause a diesel engine to run at irregular rpm, falter, and stop?
An interruption in the fuel supply, probably due to a clogged primary fuel filter.
74
What will lack of cooling water result in?
Engine overheating. ## Footnote Check for debris or obstruction in the cooling system.
75
What should you do in the event of a steering failure?
Determine if you can steer with the autopilot. If not, fit the emergency tiller into the top of the rudder stock.
76
What should be your first action upon grounding under sail?
Immediately shift into neutral gear and lower the sails.
77
List three common sources of onboard fires.
1. Electrical faults. 2. Fuel leaks. 3. Improperly stored flammable materials.
78
What should you do upon discovering water in the cabin?
Ensure the bilge pumps are on and working, and then check the water to establish if the leak is fresh or seawater.
79
What is the benefit of duty rotation in cruising?
Duty rotation helps share the load and provides experience to those new to cruising.
80
What should you leave behind when bringing provisions on board?
Leave the cardboard boxes or plastic bags behind.
81
How can you conserve cold air in the fridge?
Plan meals to eat the most items first and pack meal items together to avoid rummaging.
82
Where should heavy sealed beverage items be stowed on the boat?
Stow heavy sealed beverage items as low in the boat as possible.
83
How much drinking water should skippers plan per person per day?
Skippers should plan on one gallon of drinking water per person per day.
84
How many gallons of water should be planned per day for bathing and dishes?
Plan for additional gallons of water per day for bathing, dishes, etc.
85
How often should the diesel engine be run to keep batteries charged?
Expect to run the diesel engine at least a few hours per day.
86
List three measures to help conserve domestic battery power.
1. Turn off unnecessary lights. 2. Limit use of electronic devices. 3. Use energy-efficient appliances.
87
What are good practices for maintaining a clean boat?
Daily seawater washdown, wiping the saloon table, and cleaning up spills.
88
What should you do before allowing crew to swim off the boat?
Deploy the swim ladder and check for strong currents or shallow depths.
89
What is an important aspect of cruising etiquette?
Ask permission before boarding or rafting against another boat.
90
What is the benefit of flotillas in cruising?
Flotillas offer a great way to gain experience by cruising in company with an experienced crew.

Sailing (3 decks)

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