Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ASCI 001 > ASCI Test 1 > Flashcards

ASCI Test 1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How do we provide a good life for animals?

A

by supporting their mind (animals mental state), body (animal’s physical and biological function), and nurture (ability of animal to express important natural behaviors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do we know we are providing a goof life?

A

we can asses how an animal responds (in terms of growth, reproduction, health, and affective state) to its environment (including weather, housing, handling, feeding, etc.) in terms of externally observable behaviors and internal physiological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is science?

A

the human endeavor associated with gaining an understanding and explanation of the universe, its components, functions, and processes contained within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ethics

A
  • knowing the difference between right and wrong
  • a set of norms used in everyday social interaction and written into legal or professional codes of practice, religions texts, folk tales, literature and philosophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

assessing animal welfare involves science and ethics

A

science deals with “what is”

ethics deals with “what should be”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CRAAP

A 
Currency
Relevance
Accuracy
Authority
Purpose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of antibiotic resistance

A
  • over-prescribing of antibiotics
  • patients not finishing their treatments
  • over-use of antibiotics in livestock and fish farming
  • poor infection control in hospitals and clinics
  • lack or hygiene and poor sanitation
  • lack of new antibiotics being developed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how lean finely textured beef is made

A

the leaner cuts are used for leaner beef. The fattier cuts are put in a centrifuge that separates the fat from the meat and the meat is used in lean beef and the fat can be used somewhere else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dr. temple grandin

A

single-handedly changed how large animal go through the slaughterhouse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

annual totals of medically important and non medically important animals show…

A

that there are more medically important animals being used. The big majority are cattle, followed by twin, turkeys, chickens, and other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how much greenhouse gas emissions are produced by agriculture

A

9% of the greenhouse gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of greenhouse gases are produces by agriculture

A

mostly methane gas but also nitrous oxide and a small amount of carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of correlation exists between milk yield and the carbon footprint

A

a negative correlation in the world; however, a positive correlation in america

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the dairy industry is responsible for what percent of the greenhouse gas emissions

A

~2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what contributions do livestock make to society?

A

benefits of agricultural animals includes: conversion of feed into food, clothing, power, recreation, conservation, and by-products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

animal teaching and research is done to

A
  • improve and expand on livestock contributions to benefit both humans and animals
  • it contributes to a vision of future agriculture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

critical components of a student’s education in the department of animal science

A
  • sound animal management techniques
  • solid scientific understanding
  • ethics of animal use
  • prepare to identify and solve tomorrow’s agricultural challenges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

animals commonly used in research and teaching

A

mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, dogs, cats, primates, fish, amphibians, reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what animal is most commonly used in research

A

rats/mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

animal welfare act (1966)

A

originally known as laboratory animal welfare act but was amended in 1970 and was authorized in 1970 by the USDA to regulate animal treatment in exhibitions or wholesale pet trade. It was amended in 1976 to prohibit most animal fighting ventures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is pain

A

an aversive feeling or sensation associated with actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how can we minimize pain

A
  • proper training
  • sedative or anesthesia
  • post-procedural analgesics
  • close supervision of students and staff by investigator or veterinarian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

USDA categories are used in IACUC review

A

B: breeding ( no induced pain)
C: Minimal (momentary pain or distress
D: more than momentary or slight pain/distress relieved by analgesia
E: more than momentary or slight pain/distress not received by analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

three R’s

A

replacement, reduction, refinement

-literature search required for any protocol which entails more than momentary pain/distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
replacement
substitute insentient materials or a lower species
26
reduction
use minimal number of lives necessary to effectively answer research question
27
refinement
reduce incidence or severity of distress
28
Farm animal welfare committee
formed in 1979 and published these: - freedom from hunger and thirst - freedom from discomfort - freedom from pain, injury, or disease - freedom to express normal behavior - freedom from fear and distress
29
freedom from hunger and thirst
feed and water access nutritional adequacy quality of feeds
30
freedom from discomfort
- includes shelter, bedding, protection from temperature extremes - importance of stable environment and controlling research variables
31
freedom from pain, injury, and disease
- handling and care of animals - sick or injured animals require special handling - emergency care must be available - ability to handle non-ambulatory animals - ability to provide humane euthanasia
32
disease prevention includes:
- good herd health programs - appropriate vaccinations - treatments plans for "special needs" animals - good sanitation and hygiene - biosecurity
33
freedom to express normal behavior
- social environment and behavior - most livestock species are "social animals" - should be housed in groups or pairs or at least have visual and auditory contact - animals should be provided with species-specific "enrichment items"
34
freedom from fear and distress
- stressors - painful procedures - overcrowding - mixing with unfamiliar animals - transportation - adverse environments
35
good animal welfare is important in commercial agriculture...why?
- pain, distress, fear, can affect animal products or performance - animals that are stressed or frightened are a greater risk to themselves and to personnel-always handle animals calmly and quietly
36
animal industries
agricultural, companion, research, zoo
37
animal agriculture
the breeding and raising of livestock
38
livestock industry
livestock: domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as: food, fiber, labor
39
productive functions served by livestock
1: food production-nutrient dense and high quality protein for human diets 2: fiber production 3: labor
40
animal food products
- nutrient dense: high ratio of nutrients to calories such as protein, vitamins, minerals, complex carbs - high quality protein: contains good balance of amino acids to meet human needs
41
production of food animals
- animals as "bio-converters" ex: convert low quality pasture and grasses to human food - production of high quality protein
42
why is the world demand for food of animal origin expected to double
1-growth in world population | 2-economic growth
43
21st century agriculture
- many mouths to feed - limited resources - environmental impact
44
meat consumption
- beef and pork have been stable for many years - dramatic increases in poultry consumption over the last 50 years - total meat consumption continues to slowly increase
45
Milk consumption
- total milk consumption has decreased - lower-fat milk consumption has stayed constant - whole milk consumption has decreased
46
cheese consumption
- total cheese consumption has increased - american and miscellaneous cheese consumption has remained constant - italian cheese consumption has increased
47
yogurt consumption
has increased
48
fiber production
results in wool
49
animal power used in agriculture
the usa no longer uses animals for labor in agriculture, they now use tractors and other machines
50
bull calf
a male calf
51
heifer
female that has not yet produced a calf (young cows often called first-calf heifers)
52
lactating cow
a cow that is producing milk
53
dry cow
a cow no longer producing milk
54
freshen
term used when a cow has calved and begins to lactate; aka-calving or parturition
55
holstein cow
- responsible of the majority of US dairy cows (93%) - produce 22,000lbs of milk/year - 3.7% fat and 3.1% protein
56
jersey
- 5.5% of us dairy cows - produce 16,000lbs of milk/year - 5.1% fat, 3.7% protein
57
the trend in dairy cow herd size
there is a continual trend toward fewer, larger herds
58
tie stall barn
cows have an individual area and are tied causing them to have little movement
59
free stall barn
cows have the option to go and eat, walk around and socialize, or lie down and sleep. They are not confined to a single space
60
two major types of milking systems
- milk parlor | - robotic milking systems
61
steer
castrated male-to minimize problems in feed lots
62
heifer
female calf until it has a calf (females also sent to feedlot)
63
stocker
earned calf (male or female) being grown on pasture prior to placement in a feedlot for finishing
64
ox
a bovine animal trained as a draft animal
65
bos taurus beef cattle
"british breeds" | or "european or continental breeds"
66
angus
majority of US animals
67
hereford
second highest
68
british breeds
-superior maternal properties: fertility, longevity, milk production, earlier maturity (puberty), less muscular
69
european or continental breeds
paternal properties | -superior growth rate, lean, larger body size
70
bos indicus
zebu breeds, have superior disease resistance in tropical climates
71
brahman
large hump, curving horns, large ears, pendulous skin, highly developed sweat glands
72
seedstock producer
provide breeding stock to cow-calf producer
73
cow-calf producer
produce cross-bred animals sold at weaning to feedlots
74
feedlots
this is where cattle are "finished" for market - they are fed grain-based ration typically for 4-5 months, with slaughter at ~18 months of age (~1500lbs) - grass-fed cattle take up 24 months to reach market weight

ASCI 001 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions