Exams 1-3 Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
what is one disadvantage of managing dairy cattle using a tie stall
A
is labor intensive
2
Q
the primary breed of cattle being used for dairy in the US is
A
holstein
3
Q
which of the following is the correct term for castrated male cattle
A
steer
4
Q
which of the following agricultural products is anticipated to double in terms of human consumption in the next 25 years, especially in developing countries
A
poultry
5
Q
which of the following methods helps a cow to enter the “drying off” period
A
abruptly stop milking the cow all at once
6
Q
which of the following is the second most abundant type of dairy cattle breed in the US (~5.5% of the total population)
A
jersey
7
Q
a _____ is a dairy cow that is no longer producing milk
A
dry cow
8
Q
when was the animal welfare act first passed within the US
A
1966
9
Q
a cows blind spot is located
A
directly behind her
10
Q
in terms of milk production, which of the following distinguishes jersey cows from holstein cows
A
jersey milk has a higher fat content
11
Q
ruminants are considered to be “bio-converters” in animal agriculture. What does this mean?
A
they convert law quality pasture/grassland into products suitable for human consumption
12
Q
world demand for food of animal origin is anticipated to double during the next 25 years. The things primarily driving this trend are:
A
continued growth in world population and increasing economic development of less-developed countries
13
Q
which of the following countries to this day remains the most reliant on animal power for agricultural purposes
A
india
14
Q
T/F: in considering the well-being of animals, ethics asks the question “what is?” whereas science asks the question, “what should be?”
A
false
15
Q
T/F: horses evolved as prey animals that when fear arises, they react by running; the flight portion of fight or flight
A
True
16
Q
T/F: the flight zone of a cow can be reduced with constant positive human interaction and time
A
true
17
Q
T/F: fear, pain, and distress can negatively affect animal products as well as cause danger to personnel and other animals
A
true
18
Q
T/F: in animal research, a category E animal is one that will experience more than momentary pain or distress, but is relieved by analgesia
A
false
19
Q
T/F: when leading a horse, always turn the horse toward you rather than away from you to help guide it
A
false
20
Q
T/F: among the many benefits of agricultural animals: recreation, clothing, conservation, and power are a few
A
true
21
Q
T/F: indirect contact is more likely to spread disease among animals than direct, animal to animal contact
A
false
22
Q
T/F: how an animal responds (in terms of growth, reproduction, health, and affective state) to its environment including weather, housing, handling, feeding, etc…) can be assessed externally observable behaviors and internal physiological changes
A
true
23
Q
T/F: a free-stall housing system for dairy cows in by far the most common system seen in large herd (>1000cows) us dairies today
A
true
24
Q
T/F: when haltering a cow, the halter should be placed over the ears first
A
true
25
T/F: when haltering a horse, the halter should be placed over the ears first
false
26
T/F: when considering the continued rise in US per capita consumption of italian cheese over the past 30 years, increased pizza consumption is more likely responsible for this
true
27
T/F: "is it wrong to remove a calf from its mother" is a question best answered by science, rather ethics
false
28
in animal welfare and animal research the three Rs stand for:
replacement
reduction
refinement
29
the breed of cows currently at the UVM diary farm are
holstein
30
____is the term used to describe a set of preventative measures designed to minimize the risk of introducing infectious disease into an animal population
biosecurity
31
in animal welfare, the three components we focus on in terms of determining whether or not we provide a good life for animals are:
mind
body
nature
32
___is a goal oriented, planned, and structured form of animal assisted intervention that is directed by a general education or special education professional. An example included reading aloud to dog to focus on academic goals, prosocial skills, and cognitive functioning
animal assisted education
33
____is a term used in the beef industry to describe a weaned calf (male or female) that is being grown on pasture prior to placement in a feedlot for finishing
stocker
34
the scientist best recognized for her contributions in transforming the way food animals are handled at the end of their lives in US slaughterhouse facilities is
Dr. Temple Grandin
35
a blackbody refers to a cross-bred commercial beef animal consisting of ___ and ___ breeding
angus and hereford
36
equine therapy can be beneficial for trauma-related disorders because
horses have evolved as accepting and kind animals
37
animal proteins are superior to plant proteins for human consumption because
animal proteins contain all the essential amino acids
38
from a biosecurity standpoint, which of the following is the appropriate order for visiting the animals at the hardcore and miller farms
horse barn, calves, cow barn
39
which of the following is a form of biosecurity
foot bath, vaccinating the herd, booties/coveralls for visitors, quarantine of new animals, and elimination/reduction of pests
40
the most commonly used animal in animal research is
mice/rats
41
the flight zone of an animal depends upon
age, species, health, and previous experiences of the animal
42
in animal assisted interventions, which type of animal must carry identification on it
a therapy animal
43
which of the following is considered a companion animal
dogs, cats, horses
44
animal research models are used for all of the following except:
a) microsurgery
b) immunization
c) cataract removal
d) cancer treatment
e) none; all of the above are legitimate uses of animal research models
none; all of the above are legitimate uses of animal research models
45
which of the following forms of animal assisted intervention is covered/protected by the ADA and state laws
service animals
46
which of the following forms of animal assisted intervention is covered/protected by FHA (federal housing administration) laws
emotional support animals
47
in order for cattle to be considered in the certified anus beef designation, how much of their hair should be black?
51%
48
i dr.smiths research on animal biosecurity, modeling agents in the agent-based model are being examined. which of the following agents are being represented in dr. smiths research project
farms
49
what is biosecurity
keeping a virus in a locked freezer in a high security laboratory, washing your hands before you eat, and the results of or actions taken to protect animal, plant, or human health from disease-causing agents
50
approximately 3 months after calving, the cow
reachers her peak lactation and is bred and hopefully pregnant with her next calf
51
which of the following is not typically part of a cows diet
straw
52
a female pig that has not yet had a litter is called a
gilt
53
which of the following dairy animals is the second highest producers of milk in the world
buffaloes
54
what percentage of the world's production comes from dairy cattle
83%
55
what is the correct order of passage of food in polygastric animals
reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum
56
an _____ is an animal population that is in current danger of becoming extinct
endangered species
57
a horse will use this type of vocalization to establish dominance
roar
58
the reason why milking horses is difficult and commercially impractical is because
the foal must be present to stimulate milk production and the mare must be milked 5-6 times per day
59
what country is the biggest importer of dairy products
china
60
maintaining human and animal safety is of utmost importance when handling zoological animals. Zoo caretakers do this by:
daily training of animals, using sedation, and using visual exams and current behavior to assess wellness
61
in the polygastric (ruminant) digestive system, this compartment is most like the stomach of humans in that it secretes the same enzymes and stomach acid for digestion
abomasum
62
about how many years ago did humans begin drinking cow's milk
10,000 years ago
63
T/F: when a horse moves its neck from side to side (snaking), it should be interpreted as a friendly gesture
false
64
T/F: a cow has 4 stomachs
false
65
T/F: in dairy cattle, most heifers are bred for the first time about 15 months of age
true
66
T/F: for animals under quarantine at a zoo, the animal must be isolated from all other animals
false
67
T/F: a threatened species in an animal population likely to become endangered within he foreseeable future
true
68
T/F: a horses ears turned to the side indicates the horse is distrustful of the present situation
false
69
T/F: when a sow is close to farrowing she will display nesting behavior, so providing ample and sufficient nesting material is a recommended management practice
true
70
T/F: an uncastrated male turkey is called a tom whereas a castrated male turkey is called a capon
true
71
T/F: in thinking about your future career path in animal science, internships are a great introduction to a chosen occupation
true
72
T/F: zoo animals must have at least 3 negative fecal exams to be moved out of quarantine
true
73
T/F: a horse is an example of a herbivore with a monogastric digestive tract
true
74
T/F: during the breeding season a single ram might be placed with a group of 25-30 ewes, will breed 3 or 4 ewes per day, and will gain a lot of weight during the breeding season
false
75
T/F: cows have teeth only in the lower half of their mouth
true
76
T/F: the routine physical examination of a zoo animal includes far more diagnostics work-up than a routine examination for a companion animal
true
77
T/F: commercial beef, lamb, pork, poultry producers need to target a certain "live weight" in their animals in order to obtain the best market price
true
78
a horse that curls its upper lip in response to the smell of a strong odor is exhibiting something called the
flehman response
79
the mission of the____is to collect, preserve, and conserve tissue, gametes, viable cells, and DNA of animal species facing extinction by providing infrastructure, expertise, partnership, and coordination for endangered animal biobankin
frozen ark
80
____is a key personal skill to develop through your time at umm for future career success
networking
81
in considering careers in the animal sciences, these are the top 3 ways animal science students find jobs following graduation:
job postings, previous employment, and personal contacts
82
in your weekly laboratory about animal feed ingredients, you learned that ____represetnts everything in the feed sample other than the water, and it includes protein, fiber, fat, minerals, etc
dry matter
83
the 3 species of raptors in the raptor presentation
barred owl, screech owl, and red-tailed hawk
84
the "I" in the acronym DAMNIT stands for
infectious/inflammatory
85
while working at a thoroughbred breeding facility, you lead a young stallion past a paddock containing an older stallion. As you pass the paddock the older stallion runs to the fence with his head slightly lowered and his ears pinned back, moving his head from side-to-side. this head movements is sometimes called____and means that the older stallion is___by the presence of the younger stallion
snaking, agitated
86
a ___ is an animal population that is likely to become endangered in the future
threatened species
87
an acronym often used to help diagnose illness in zoo animals is
DAMNIT
88
in understanding body language of horses, when the horse's ears are turned forward, it means the horse it
paying attention/interested
89
which of the following is not a characteristic of raptors
loud mating calls
90
a horse is standing with one hind leg cocked. his ears are neutral. his body is at rest. the horse is
resting
91
the three most-traded dairy commodities on the worlds market are
cheese, butter, dry (powdered) milk
92
in the digestive tract of the chicken, this organ is very muscular and contains "grit", which helps grind food particles into smaller pieces
gizzard
93
how long has the umm cream program been in existence
30 years
94
a horse is licking and chewing when the handler is working with him. this indicates
the horse is processing the training
95
in thinking about dietary intake and nutrient results, what is the % protein in a feed sample on a dry matter basis if you know that the amount on an as-fed basis is 4.0%? the % dry matter content of the feed sample has been determined to be 25%
16%
96
which of the following is considered a benefit of clicker training (or marker training) in dogs
training sessions can last longer and you can do several repetitions of the same behavior without losing the dogs interest of affecting his motivation
97
according to the trainers at waggles, when do you press the clicker when training a dog
during the desired behavior
98
in ruminants, the rumen microbes provide several benefits to the animal. what benefits does the rumen of the animal provide to the microbes
optimum temperature for growth, optimum pH through buffers and salivation, and provides substrates and removes end-products
99
a horses field of vision toward the front of its head is considered
binocular
100
individuals with 2 different alleles of a particular gene are___for that gene
heterozygous
101
in class you learned that cats must eat meat )i.e. they are obligate carnivores) to obtain a particular essential amino acid. the essential amino acid____is necessary for cats to synthesize bile acids for digestion
taurine
102
which of the following species does ovulation not occur on the surface of the ovary
mare
103
phenotype refers to the___of an individual
actual physical appearance
104
in ruminants, this chamber has microbial activity but no enzyme recreation during the digestion process
reticulum and rumen
105
in ruminants, this chamber's chief function during digestion is to absorb water
omasum
106
which of the following is not typically used to produce milk for human consumption
pig
107
when genotype consists of a dominant and recessive allele, the phenotype will be like____allele
the dominant
108
which of the following has a muscular-vascular penis
stallion
109
the reason why feeding rabbit food to a guinea pid is a bad idea is because
guinea pigs are unable to synthesize vitamin C, which is important for building connective tissue
110
which of the following produces the smallest eggs
quail
111
in the polygastric (ruminant) digestive system, this compartment is most like the stomach of humans in that it secretes the same enzymes and stomach acid for digestion
abomasum
112
by most recent estimate, there are approximately___genes in the human genome
20,000
113
T/F: white eggs have no pigments
T
114
T/F: vitamin b12 is an important component of all diets because it facilitates methylation reactions, including DNA methylation
T
115
T/F: in the chicken, only the right side of the female reproductive tract develops for purposes of egg laying. the left side regresses
false
116
T/F: nutritionally-speaking, saturated fat is the most dense form of nutrient energy available for metabolism
T
117
T/F: in evaluating sperm, three characteristics evaluated in semen analysis are: morphology, motility, and concentration
T
118
T/F: from a nutrient standpoint, all calories are equal. that is, "a calorie is a calorie"
false
119
T/F: in genetics, a dominant trait is always more common in the population than a recessive trait
false
120
T/F: a unique feature of the glans penis in the male cat is the presence of "barbs" on the surface, which help to stimulate the female cat to ovulate during intercourse
true
121
T/F: the temperature of the testis is in part controlled by the epididymis
false
122
T/F: functions of the uterus include muscle contractions (to expel the fetus; to transport sperm) and preparation of sperm for fertilization
true
123
T/F: in commercial processing of hogs, only the meat is used for human consumption. all other parts are discarded
false
124
T/F: carbohydrate breakdown by microbes in ruminant nutrition is also referred to as "fermentation"
true
125
T/F: there terms "large intestine" and "colon" are essentially referring to the same anatomical structure in the digestive tract of animals
true
126
T/F: the nutritional quality of brown eggs is higher than that of white eggs
false
127
T/F: in the female reproductive tract, the cervix can both enhance and prevent sperm transport
true
128
in the us, eggs need to be stored in refrigerated units because they are washed with hot water and soap, which removes the protective covering of the egg called
cuticle
129
name two functions of the testes
produce gametes (sperm) or produce hormones (testosterone)
130
a ____is the small, blister-like structure on the ovary that contains the oocyte or egg
follicle
131
in considering placentation in cows, the "button-like" areas of the uterus that form the maternal side of the placental connection are called
caruncles
132
what two senses do you use when body condition scoring
sight and touch
133
whole milk contains___% fat
3.25
134
the specialized slide used to count sperm cells or other cells is known as a
hemacytometer
135
in female reproductive anatomy, the structure that first captures the egg (oocyte) during ovulation, and then transports it for fertilization is called the
oviduct
136
for performing gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis, the purpose of the TAE buffer used when running a gel include
conducting electricity and maintaining the pH
137
in commercial livestock production, genetic traits of economic importance are most often___traits
quantitative (continuous)
138
curled ears (C) in cats is dominant over normal ears (c). a cross is carried out and all of the progeny have normal ears. what is the genotype of the paretns
cc and cc
139
which of the following is not an anatomical structure of the male reproductive system
cotyledons
140
in the dairy cow, the desired body condition score at calving is
3.5-4.0
141
the primary milk component used to make cheese is
casein
142
in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the basic three steps include
denaturation, annealing, elongation
143
the basic milk-producing unit or tissue in the mammary gland is the
alveolus
144
how many mammary glands does a cow have
4
145
after ovulation, the remnants of the follicle are transformed into a structure called the____, which maintains the pregnancy if fertilization occurs
corpus luteum
146
approximately how long does it take for a hen to lay an egg
a day
147
when two animals that are heterozygous for a single trait are crossed, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring (consider using a pungent square if needed)
3:1
148
the order in which digest flows through the ruminant is the following
esophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine
149
alternative forms of a single gene called an
allele
