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Nur 110 > Asepsis > Flashcards

Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

Resident flora

A

Collective vegetation in a given area

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2
Q

Disease

A

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

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3
Q

Virulence

A

Microorganisms ability to produce disease

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4
Q

Communicable disease

A

Infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact or as an airborne infection

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5
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability to produce disease

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Causes disease only in a susceptible individual

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7
Q

Asepsis

A

Freedom from disease causing microorganisms

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8
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area

CLEAN

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9
Q

Surgical asepsis

Sterile technique

A

Refers to those practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms

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10
Q

Sepsis

A

The condition in which acute organ dysfunction occurs secondary to infection

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11
Q

Bacteria

A

Most common infection causing microorganisms

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12
Q

Viruses

A

Consist primarily of nuclei acid and must enter living cells to reproduce

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13
Q

Fungi

A

Yeasts

Molds

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14
Q

Parasites

A

Live on other living organisms

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15
Q

Colonization

A

The process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora

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16
Q

Local infection

A

Limited to specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain

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17
Q

Systemic infection

A

Microorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body

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18
Q

Bacteremia

A

When a culture of the persons blood reveals microorganisms

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19
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacteremia results in systemic infection

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20
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Infections that originate in the hospital

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21
Q

Endogenous

A

Microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that come from clients themselves

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22
Q

Exogenous

A

Microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that come from the hospital

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23
Q

Nosocomial urinary tract

A

E. coli
Enterococcus
Pseudomonas

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24
Q

Cause of E. coli

A

Improper catheterization

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25
Enterococcus species
Contamination of closed drainage system
26
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Inadequate hand hygiene
27
Nosocomial surgical sites
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Enterococcus species (VRE Pseudomonas aeruginosa
28
MRSA cause
Inadequate hand hygiene
29
VRE cause
Improper dressing change technique
30
Latrogenic infections
Nosocomial, direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
31
Pathogenicity
Ability of the microorganisms to enter the body, susceptibility of the host, ability of microorganisms to live in hosts body
32
Reservoir
Sources of microorganisms
33
Carrier
Reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease
34
Method of transmission
Direct Indirect Airborne
35
Direct transmission
Involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person
36
Indirect transmission
Either vehicle or vector
37
Vehicle borne
Any substance
38
Vector borne transmission
Animal or flying insect
39
Droplet nuclei
The residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host. Can remain in air
40
Compromised host
Person at increased risk
41
Nonspecific defenses
Protect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
42
Specific (immune) defenses
Directed against identifiable infection agents
43
Nonspecific defenses include
An atomic and physiological Barriers and the inflammatory response
44
Inflammation
``` PAIN Swelling Redness Heat Impaired function ```
45
Physical agents
Mechanical objects. Trauma, heat, cold, radiation
46
Chemical agents
External irritants and internal irritants
47
First stage of inflammatory response
Vascular and cellular responses
48
Second stage of inflammatory response
Exudate production
49
Third stage of inflammatory response
Reparative phase
50
Vascular and cellular responses
Inflammation- blood vessels at site will constrict . Histamine will dialate and cause redness and heat.
51
Leukocytes
WBCs leak into interstitial spaces (swelling and pain appear
52
Pain in inflammation is caused by
Pressure of accumulating fluid on nerve endings and irritating chemical mediators
53
Leukocytosis
In response to leukocytes leaving blood, marrow produces more WBCs
54
Exudate
Fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytosis cells and dead tissue cells
55
Regeneration
Repair of injured tissues by regeneration or replacement with fibrous tissue
56
Granulation tissue
Early stages of regeneration
57
Antigen
Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness (immunity)
58
Auto antigen
Proteins originate in a person's own body, the antigen is called auto antigen
59
Humoral | Circulating immunity
B lymphocytes
60
Antibodies | Immunoglobulins
Defend against extra cellular phases of bacterial and viral infections
61
Active immunity
Host produces antibodies in response to natural antigens or artificial antigens
62
Passive immunity | Acquired
Host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source
63
Cell-mediated defenses | Cellular immunity
Occur through T-cell system
64
Three main groups of Tcells
Helper Cytotoxic T cells Suppressor
65
Normal WBC count
4500-11000/ ml3
66
Cultures
Laboratory cultivation a of microorganisms a special growth medium
67
Nursing diagnosis risk of infection
``` Fever Imbalanced nutrition Acute pain Social isolation Anxiety ```
68
Major goals for clients susceptible to infection
Maintain or restore defenses Avoid spread Reduce or alleviate problems with infection
69
Supporting defenses of a susceptible host
``` Hygiene Nutrition Fluid Sleep Stress Immunizations ```
70
Antiseptics
Agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms
71
Disinfectants
Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores
72
Sterilization
Process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
73
Four common methods of sterilization
Moist heat, has, boiling water, radiation
74
Infection
The growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not usually found

Nur 110 (21 decks)

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