Asepsis & Infection Control

Question 1

Freedom from disease causing microorganisms

Answer 1

Asepsis

Question 2

Technique used to decrease the possibility of transferring microorganisms from one place to another

Answer 2

Aseptic technique

Question 3

Type of asepsis: clean technique

Answer 3

Medical asepsis

Question 4

Type of asepsis: includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms

Answer 4

Medical asepsis

Question 5

Type of asepsis: sterile technique

Answer 5

Surgical asepsis

Question 6

Type of asepsis: refers to practices that keep an area or object free of all organisms, includes practices that destroy all microorganisms including spores

Answer 6

Surgical asepsis

Question 7

Technique that destroys or kills most microorganisms, except bacterial spores

Answer 7

Disinfection

Question 8

Microscopic dormant structure formed by some pathogens that are very hardy and often survive common cleaning technique

Answer 8

Spores

Question 9

Invasion of body tissue by microorganisms and their growth there

Answer 9

Infection

Question 10

Infection wherein microorganisms produce no clinical evidence of disease

Answer 10

Asymptomatic or subclinical infection

Question 11

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

Answer 11

Disease

Question 12

Ability of a microorganism to cause disease

Answer 12

Pathogenicity

Question 13

Severity of a condition caused by a pathogen

Answer 13

Virulence

Question 14

Type of disease wherein the infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact, or as airborne infection

Answer 14

Communicable disease

Question 15

Microorganism that causes disease

Answer 15

Pathogen

Question 16

Microorganism that can cause a disease even in a healthy host

Answer 16

True pathogens

Question 17

Microorganism that can cause infection in people who are immunocompromised

Answer 17

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 18

State of infection, organ injury, or damage in response to infection

Answer 18

Sepsis

Question 19

Type of infection that are associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility

Answer 19

Nosocomial infection

Question 20

Number of days between when you’re infected and when you might see symptoms

Answer 20

Incubation period

Question 21

Microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections that originate from the clients themselves

Answer 21

Endogenous

Question 22

Microorganisms that are from the hospital environment and hospital personnel

Answer 22

Exogenous

Question 23

Infection that is a direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

Answer 23

Iatrogenic infection

Question 24

Infection that is confined to a specific part of the body

Answer 24

Local infection

Question 25

Infection that involves different body systems

Answer 25

Systemic infection

Question 26

Sudden onset infection

Answer 26

Acute infection

Question 27

Slow onset or slow progression infection

Answer 27

Chronic infection

Question 28

Chain of infection: microorganism producing an infectious process

Answer 28

Etiologic agent

Question 29

Chain of infection: source of microorganism e.g. food, water, feces, plants, animals, environment

Answer 29

Reservoir

Question 30

Person or animal reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease

Answer 30

Carrier

Question 31

Chain of infection: female anopheles mosquito reservoir carries malaria parasite but is unaffected by it

Answer 31

Reservoir

Question 32

To break the chain from the _____, kill the pathogen e.g. through disinfection, early detection

Answer 32

Reservoir

Question 33

Chain of infection: route where the microorganism leaves the reservoir

Answer 33

Portal of exit

Question 34

What tract serves as the portal of exit for sneezing?

Answer 34

Respiratory tract

Question 35

What tract serves as the portal of exit for coughing?

Answer 35

Respiratory tract

Question 36

What tract serves as the portal of exit for breathing?

Answer 36

Respiratory tract

Question 37

What tract serves as the portal of exit for talking?

Answer 37

Respiratory tract

Question 38

What tract serves as the portal of exit for saliva?

Answer 38

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 39

What tract serves as the portal of exit for vomitus?

Answer 39

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 40

What tract serves as the portal of exit for feces?

Answer 40

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 41

What tract serves as the portal of exit for semen?

Answer 41

Reproductive tract

Question 42

What tract serves as the portal of exit for urine?

Answer 42

Reproductive tract

Question 43

Method of transmission that involves an immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person

Answer 43

Direct transmission

Question 44

Method of transmission that involves an indirect transfer of microorganisms from person to person

Answer 44

Indirect transmission

Question 45

Droplet spread is a form of _____ transmission but can only occur if the source and the host are within _____ feet of each other

Answer 45

Direct, three

Question 46

Vehicle is a form of _____ transmission wherein a substance serves as an immediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

Answer 46

Indirect

Question 47

Fomites is a form of _____ transmission wherein _____ objects or materials harbor the infectious agent

Answer 47

Indirect, inanimate

Question 48

Vector-borne is a form of _____ transmission wherein an animal or flying/crawling insect serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent

Answer 48

Indirect

Question 49

Method of transmission wherein the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host can remain in the air for long periods

Answer 49

Airborne transmission

Question 50

Chain of infection: microorganisms must enter the body to infect a person

Answer 50

Portal of entry

Question 51

Chain of infection: any break in the skin

Answer 51

Portal of entry

Question 52

Chain of infection: person at risk for infection

Answer 52

Susceptible host

Question 53

Local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent

Answer 53

Inflammation

Question 54

Inflammation is a mechanism that destroys or dilutes the _____ agent to _____ further spread of injury and to _____ repair of damaged tissue

Answer 54

Injurious, prevent, promote

Question 55

Phase of the inflammatory response where bleeding is stopped

Answer 55

Vascular

Question 56

Process where clotting occurs to stop bleeding

Answer 56

Hemostasis

Question 57

Process where blood vessels dilate to neutralize the pathogen and deliver nutrients to the site of injury

Answer 57

Vasodilation

Question 58

Phase of the inflammatory process wherein more fluids go to the site of injury to flush out, clean, or dilute the injurious agent

Answer 58

Exudative

Question 59

Phase of the inflammatory process wherein new tissues are repaired or formed

Answer 59

Reparative

Question 60

What are the five signs of inflammation (English)?

Answer 60

Redness, pain, heat, swelling, loss of function

Question 61

What are the five signs of inflammation (Latin)?

Answer 61

Rubor, dolor, calor, tumor, functio laesa

Question 62

Latin for redness

Answer 62

Rubor

Question 63

Latin for pain

Answer 63

Dolor

Question 64

Latin for heat

Answer 64

Calor

Question 65

Latin for swelling

Answer 65

Tumor

Question 66

Practice that lowers risk to health care associated infection

Answer 66

Hand hygiene

Question 67

T/F: Use hand rub when hands are visibly soiled

Answer 67

False - wash hands with soap and water

Question 68

5 Moments of Handwashing

Answer 68

1. Before touching patient 2. Before clean/aseptic procedure 3. After touching patient 4. After touching patient's surroundings 5. After handling body fluid

Question 69

Measures to prevent the spread of infection or potentially infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitors

Answer 69

Isolation precaution

Question 70

Used in care of all hospitalized persons regardless of their diagnosis or infection status

Answer 70

Standard precautions

Question 71

Used in addition to standard precautions for clients with known or suspected infections that are spread in 1 of 3 ways (airborne, droplet, contact)

Answer 71

Transmission based precaution

Question 72

Precaution used for immunocompromised patients

Answer 72

Reverse isolation or protective environment

Question 73

Three indicators for glove use

Answer 73

1. Before sterile condition 2. Before contact with body fluid 3. Before contact with patient

Question 74

Three indicators for glove removal

Answer 74

1. Damaged glove 2. After contact with body fluid 3. After contact with non-intact skin and mucous membrane 4. After contact with patient and their surroundings 5. After contact with contaminated body site 6. When indication for hand hygiene

Question 75

_____ _____ is a priority before any aseptic procedure

Answer 75

Hand hygiene

Question 76

Before procedure, ensure that the patient understands how to prevent _____ of equipment

Answer 76

Contamination

Question 77

_____ hospital procedures and requirements for sterile technique

Answer 77

Review

Question 78

T/F: Ill health care providers should avoid invasive procedures or at least wear a surgical mask

Answer 78

False - two surgical masks should be worn

Question 79

All objects in a sterile field must be _____

Answer 79

Sterile

Question 80

Sterile object [remains sterile/becomes nonsterile] when touched by a nonsterile object

Answer 80

Becomes nonsterile

Question 81

Sterile items below waist level are considered _____

Answer 81

Nonsterile

Question 82

Sterile fields must always be kept in _____ to be considered sterile

Answer 82

Sight

Question 83

Avoid contamination when opening or adding sterile equipment to the _____ _____

Answer 83

Sterile field

Question 84

Puncture, moisture, or tear that passes through a sterile barrier is considered _____

Answer 84

Contaminated

Question 85

Once a sterile field is set up, the border of _____ inch at the edge of the sterile drape is considered _____

Answer 85

One, nonsterile

Question 86

Any doubt about the sterility of an object is considered _____

Answer 86

Nonsterile

Question 87

Sterile persons may only contact _____ areas, nonsterile only _____ areas

Answer 87

Sterile, nonsterile

Question 88

Movement around sterile field must not _____ sterile field

Answer 88

Contaminate