Assessing Mouth And Oropharynx

Question 1

The mouth and oropharynx are composed of a number of structures

Answer 1

Lips
Oral mucosa
Tongue
Floor of the mouth
Teeth and gums
Hard and soft palate
Uvula
Salivary glands
Tonsillar pillars
Tonsils

Question 2

What are the salivary glands

Answer 2

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

Question 3

The ___ is the largest salivary gland and empties through the stensen duct opposite the second molar

Located below and infront of the ears empty through Stensen ducts, which are located inside the cheek across from the second upper molar.

Answer 3

Parotid gland

Question 4

The ___ empties through the Wharton duct, which is situated on either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth

located in the lower jaw, open under the tongue on either side of the frenulum through openings called Wharton ducts.

Answer 4

Submandibular gland

Question 5

The __ lies in the floor of the mouth and had numerous openings

located under the tongue, open through several ducts located on the floor of the mouth.

Answer 5

Sublingual gland

Question 6

Are the 2 problems that most frequently affect the teeth. Both problems are commonly associated with plaque and tartar deposits

Answer 6

Dental carries (cavities)
Periodontal disease (pyorrhea)

Question 7

____ is an invisible soft film that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth; it consists of bacteria, molecules of saliva, and remnants of epithelial cells and leukocytes

Answer 7

Plaque

Question 8

When plaque is unchecked, ___ forms

Answer 8

Dental calculus (tartar)

Question 9

____ is a visible, hard deposit of plaque and dead bacteria that forms at the gum lines

Answer 9

Tartar

Question 10

Tartar buildup can alter the ___ that attach the teeth to the gum and eventually disrupt bone tissue

Answer 10

Fibers

Question 11

Periodontal disease is characterized by ___ (red, swollen gingiva [gum]), bleeding, receding gum lines, and the formation of pockets between the teeth and gums.

Answer 11

gingivitis

Question 12

Inflammation of the tongue

Answer 12

glossitis

Question 13

Inflammation of the oral mucosa

Answer 13

Stomatitis

Question 14

inflammation of the parotid salivary gland

Answer 14

parotitis

Question 15

The accumulation of foul matter (food, microorganisms, and epithelial elements) on the teeth and gums is referred to as ___.

Answer 15

Sordes

Question 16

Each tooth has three parts:

Answer 16

the crown, the root, and the pulp cavity

Question 17

The ___ is the exposed part of the tooth, which is outside the gum.

The top, visible, white enameled part of each tooth is the __.

Answer 17

crown

Question 18

CROWN
It is covered with a hard substance called ___.

Answer 18

enamel

Question 19

The ivory-colored internal part of the crown below the enamel is the ___.

Answer 19

Dentin

Question 20

The root of a tooth is embedded in the jaw and covered by a bony tissue called ____.

Answer 20

cementum

Question 22

The pulp cavity in the center of the tooth contains the

Answer 22

blood vessels and nerves

Question 23

Teeth usually appear ___ months after birth. Early childhood caries (cavities) occur when an infant or toddler is allowed to drink formula, milk, or fruit juice from a bottle for long periods, especially when sleeping. The carbohydrates in the solution cause demineralization of the tooth enamel, which leads to tooth decay. If the child wants a bottle at bedtime, it should contain only water.

Answer 23

5 to 8

Question 24

By the time children are 2 years old, they usually have all __ of their temporary teeth. At about age 6 or 7, children start losing their deciduous teeth, and these are gradually replaced by the 33 permanent teeth.

Answer 24

20

Question 25

By age ___, most people have all of their permanent teeth.

Answer 25

25

Question 26

The incidence of ___ increases during pregnancy because the rise in female hormones affects gingival tissue and increases its reaction to bacterial plaque. Many pregnant women experience more bleeding from the gingival sulcus during brushing and increased redness and swelling of the gingiva (the gum).

Answer 26

periodontal disease

Question 27

Lack of fluoridated water and preventive dentistry during their developmental years have caused tooth and gum problems in older adults. As a result, some older adults may have few permanent teeth left, and some have dentures. Loss of teeth occurs mainly because of ____ rather than dental caries; however, caries are also common in middle-aged adults.

Answer 27

periodontal disease (gum disease)

Question 28

Some receding of the gums and a brownish pigmentation of the gums occur with age. Because ___ decreases with age, dryness of the oral mucosa is a common finding in older people.

Answer 28

saliva production

Question 29

Beginning of the digestive tract and serves as an airway for the respiratory tract.

Answer 29

Mouth

Question 30

Forms entrance to the mouth Protective gateway to digestive and respiratory tract

Answer 30

Upper and lower lips

Question 31

Rood of the oral cavity

Answer 31

Anterior: hard palate Posterior: soft palate

Question 32

Extension of soft palate Hangs in the posterior midline

Answer 32

Uvula

Question 33

Structural support for floor of the mouth

Answer 33

Mandible

Question 34

Located behind the nose and mouth Muscular passage for food and air

Answer 34

Throat

Question 35

Connects behind the tongue to form arches

Answer 35

Soft palate, anterior and posterior pillar, uvula

Question 36

Folds of mucous membrane

Answer 36

Tonsillar pillars

Question 37

○ Remains open all the time ○ On each lateral wall is the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian(auditory) tube. ○ Fxn as an airway in the respiratory system ○ Contains the adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 37

Nasopharynx

Question 38

○ Middle portion of the pharynx ○ Open anteriorly in the mouth and extends from soft palate to the hyoid ○ In each lateral wall is a palatine tonsils, under the tongue are the sublingual tonsils ○ Fxn as an airway

Answer 38

Oropharynx

Question 39

○ Where both food and air pass ○ Found between hyoid bone, larynx and esophagus

Answer 39

Laryngopharynx

Question 40

Location of the tonsils

Answer 40

Pharyngeal tonsils 2 tubal tonsils 2 palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils

Question 41

Sense of taste

Answer 41

Salty Sweet Sour Umami Bitter

Question 42

front side of the tongue

Answer 42

Salty

Question 43

tip of the tongue

Answer 43

Sweet

Question 44

Along sides of tongue

Answer 44

Sour

Question 45

savory; middle side of the tongue

Answer 45

Umami

Question 46

back one third

Answer 46

Bitter

Question 47

no sense of taste

Answer 47

Ageusia

Question 48

a salivary excretory duct that drains saliva from the submandibular glands to the sublingual caruncle in the floor of the mouth Traverses space between submandibular gland & sublingual caruncle

Answer 48

Submandibular (Wharton’s) Duct:

Question 49

a small, mucosal prominence or bump located on either side of the frenulum of the tongue where saliva from submandibular duct secretes into oral cavity proper

Answer 49

Sublingual Caruncle

Question 50

saliva takes this route from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland in the mouth.

Answer 50

Parotid duct/Stensen duct

Question 51

the two folds of tissue, the anterior and posterior, that border the palatine tonsils, which are located in the oropharynx are folds of mucous membrane that covers the muscles of the soft palate & tongue.

Answer 51

Tonsillar pillars

Question 52

is a small fold of tissue that connects two structures in the body, like the tongue to the floor of the mouth, or the lips to the gums Labial __ Lingual ___

Answer 52

Frenulum

Question 53

thick white patches inside the mouth

Answer 53

Leukoplakia

Question 54

- tonsil stones

Answer 54

Tonsillolith

Question 55

opening in hard palate

Answer 55

Cleft palate

Question 56

thick white plaques on the hard palate.

Answer 56

Candida infections

Question 57

deep purple, raised or flat lesions

Answer 57

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 58

yellow tint to hard palate

Answer 58

Jaundice

Question 59

Fruity or acetone breath

Answer 59

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 60

ammonia odor

Answer 60

Kidney disease

Question 61

___ odor may indicate oral or respiratory infection or tooth decay

Answer 61

Foul

Question 62

Fecal breath odor

Answer 62

bowel obstruction

Question 63

Sulfur odor(fetor hepaticus)

Answer 63

end-stage liver disease

Question 64

looks like it is split in two or partially severed

Answer 64

Bifit uvula

Question 65

Bright red throat with white or yellow exudate

Answer 65

Pharyngitis

Question 66

Yellowish mucus on throat may be seen with post

Answer 66

nasal sinus drainage

Question 67

The tonsils are fully inside the pillars.

Answer 67

Grade 0:

Question 68

Tonsils are found enlarged and out of its pillars.

Answer 68

Grade 1:

Question 69

Tonsils extending to the pillar Tonsillar enlargement extends just up to half the distance of the uvula

Answer 69

Grade 2:

Question 70

Tonsillar enlargement up to the level of the uvula. Beyond pillars

Answer 70

Grade 3

Question 71

Tonsillar enlargement is so huge that they are virtually in contact with each other. Kissing tonsil.

Answer 71

Grade 4:

Question 72

Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary teeth, or teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. More than 32

Answer 72

Hyperdontia

Question 73

Decreased tongue strength may occur with a defect of the ____ or with a shortened frenulum that limits motion.

Answer 73

12th cranial nerve - hypoglossal

Question 74

Loss of taste discrimination occurs with zinc deficiency. A ___ defect, and certain medication use.

Answer 74

7th cranial nerve (facial)

Question 75

UVULA Deviation to one side from tumor or trauma; immobility (may indicate damage to

Answer 75

trigeminal [5th cranial] nerve or vagus [10th cranial] nerve)

Question 76

The ___ is a mass of muscle, attached to the hyoid bone and styloid process of the temporal bone.

Answer 76

tongue

Question 77

Tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by a fold of tissue called the __. The tongue assists with moving food, swallow-ing, and speaking.

Answer 77

frenulum

Question 78

The ___ are covered by mucous membrane and normally hold 32 permanent teeth in the adult (Fig. 18-2).

Answer 78

gums (gingiva)

Question 79

The portion of the tooth that is embedded in the gums is the ___.

Answer 79

root

Question 80

The crown and root are connected by the region of the tooth referred to as the ___.

Answer 80

neck

Question 81

Small bumps called __ cover the dorsal surface of the tongue. Taste buds, scattered over the tongue's surface, carry sensory impulses to the brain.

Answer 81

papillae

Question 82

__helps break down food and lubricates it. ___ digests carbohydrates.

Answer 82

Saliva, Amylase