Assessing Skin And Nails Flashcards
(95 cards)
The __ is the largest organ of the body. It is a physical barrier that protects the underlying tissues and organs from micro-organisms, physical trauma, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and dehydration.
It plays a vital role in temperature maintenance, fluid and electrolyte balance, absorption, excretion, sensation, immunity, and vitamin D synthesis.
It also provides individual identity to a person’s appearance.
skin
The skin is thicker on the ___ and is continuous with the mucous membranes at the orifices of the body.
palms of the hands and soles of the feet
It is composed of three layers:
the epidermal, dermal, and subcutaneous tissue
___, which contains varying amounts of fat, connects the skin to underlying structures.
Subcutaneous tissue
The ___, the outer layer of skin, is composed of four distinct layers: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum.
epidermis
The outermost layer consists of dead, ___ that render the skin waterproof.
keratinized cells
(___is a scleroprotein that is insoluble in water. The epidermis, hair, nails, dental enamel, and horny tissues are composed of it.)
Keratin
The innermost layer of the epidermis (____) is the only layer that undergoes cell division and contains melanin (brown pigment) and keratin-forming cells.
stratum germinativum
Connect the dermis to the epidermis. They are visible in the hands and feet and create the unique pattern of friction ridges commonly known as fingerprints.
Dermal papillae
The ___ is a well-vascularized, connective tissue layer containing collagen, elastic fibers, nerve endings, and lymph vessels. It is also the origin of sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
dermis
are attached to hair follicles and, therefore, are present over most of the body, excluding the soles and palms.
They secrete an oily substance called ___ that waterproofs the hair and skin.
The sebaceous glands, sebum
The two types of sweat glands are ___.
eccrine and apocrine glands
The ___ are located over the entire skin. Their primary function is secretion of sweat and thermoregulation, which is accomplished by evaporation of sweat from the skin surface.
eccrine glands
The ___ are associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and areolae of the breasts. They are small and nonfunctional until puberty, at which time they are activated and secrete a milky sweat.
apocrine glands
a loose connective tissue containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, and the remaining portions of sweat glands and hair follicles
It stores fat as an energy reserve, provides insulation to conserve internal body heat, serves as a cushion to protect bones and internal organs, and contains vascular pathways for the supply of nutrients and removal of waste products to and from the skin.
subcutaneous tissue
Hair consists of layers of ___, found over much of the body except for the lips, nipples, soles of the feet, palms of the hands, labia minora, and penis.
keratinized cells
Hair develops within a sheath of epidermal cells called the __.
hair follicle
The ___ is visible above the skin;
hair shaft
Are the ___ muscles, which contract in response to cold or fright, decreasing skin surface area and causing the hair to stand erect (goose flesh).
arrector pili
The __, located on the distal phalanges of fingers and toes, are hard, transparent plates of keratinized epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle.
nails
The ___ extends over the entire nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels underneath.
nail body
The ___ is a crescent-shaped area located at the base of the nail. It is the visible aspect of the nail matrix.
lunula
refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.
Mobility
