Assessing Eyes Flashcards
(65 cards)
the degree of detail the eye can discern in an image
visual acuity
the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead
visual fields
(nearsightedness)
myopia
(farsightedness)
hyperopia
(loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects).
presbyopia
an uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina, is a common problem that may occur in conjunction with myopia and hyperopia.
Astigmatism
People with denominators of 40 or more on the Snellen chart with or without corrective lenses need to be referred to an
optometrist or ophthalmologist.
(inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva) may result from foreign bodies, chemicals, allergenic agents, bacteria, or viruses.
Redness, itching, tearing, and mucopurulent discharge occur. During sleep, the eyelids may become encrusted and matted together.
Conjunctivitis
(inflammation of the lacrimal sac) is manifested by tearing and a discharge from the nasolacrimal duct.
Dacryocystitis
___ (sty) is a redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelids.
Hordeolum
(inflammation of the iris) may be caused by local or systemic infections and results in pain, tearing, and photophobia (sensitivity to light).
Iritis
are “black eyes” resulting from injury.
Contusions or hematomas
tend to occur in individuals over 65 years old although they may be present at any age. This opacity of the lens or its capsule, which blocks light rays, is frequently removed and replaced by a lens implant.
It may also occur in infants due to a malformation of the lens if the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Cataracts
(a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid, which causes an increase in intraocular pressure) is the most frequent cause of blindness in people over age 40 although it can occur at younger ages.
It can be controlled if diagnosed early.
Danger signs of it include blurred or foggy vision, loss of peripheral vision, difficulty focusing on close objects, difficulty adjusting to dark rooms, and seeing rain-bow-colored rings around lights.
Glaucoma
Upper eyelids that lie at or below the pupil margin are referred to as ___ and are usually associated with aging, edema from drug allergy or systemic disease (e.g., kidney disease), congenital lid muscle dysfunction, neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis), and third cranial nerve impairment. DROOPING UPPER EYELIDS
ptosis
Eversion, an outturning of the eyelid, is called __;
ectropion
inversion, an inturning of the lid, is called ___.
entropion
Pupils are normally black, are equal in size (about ___ in diameter), and have round, smooth borders.
3 to 7 mm
(enlarged pupils) may indicate injury or glaucoma, or result from certain drugs (e.g., atropine, cocaine, amphet-amines).
Mydriasis
(constricted pupils) may indicate an inflammation of the iris or result from such drugs as morphine or heroin and other narcotics, barbiturates, or pilo-carpine. It is also an age-related change in older adults.
Miosis
(unequal pupils) may result from a central nervous system disorder; however, slight variations may be normal.
Anisocoria
The eye transmits ____ to the brain for interpretation and, in doing so, functions as the organ of vision.
visual stimuli
The eyeball is located in the ___, a round, bony hollow formed by several different bones of the skull,
In here, a cushion of fat surrounds the eye.
eye orbit
are two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle: striated and smooth.
Their purpose is to protect the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye.
In addition, they serve to distribute tears that lubricate the surface of the eye
eyelids (upper and lower)
