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BACB Exam Prep > Assessment > Flashcards

Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

4 Phases of Intervention

A 
APIE
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
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2
Q

Assessment

A

A systematic method for obtaining information about the FUNCTION of challenging behaviors serve for an individual

Involves methods of direct observation, interviews, checklists, and tests to identify target behaviors

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3
Q

Ethically Preparation for an Assessment

A

Choosing the right behaviors

Being skilled in conducting

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4
Q

Shape of an assessment

A

Funnel

Broad scope that narrows focus as you conduct the assessment process

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5
Q

5 Phases of Assessment

A

Screening and general deposition
Defining and quantifying problems or desired achievement criteria
Pinpointing target behaviors to be treated
Monitoring progress
Follow up

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6
Q

Pre-Assessment Considerations

A

Can’t perform assessment without authority, permission, resources, and skills

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7
Q

Indirect Measures of Assessment

A

Data obtained from recollections, reconstructions, or subjective ratings of events
Interviews
Checklists
Not reliable as direct
Should only be used to supplement other methods

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8
Q

Direct Measures of Assessment

A

Provides info about a persons behavior as it occurs
Tests
Direct Observation

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9
Q

4 Ways to Acquire Information for Assessment

A 
COIT
Checklists
Observation
Interviews
Tests
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10
Q

Checklists

A

Likert scales

Alone or with interview and rating scales

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11
Q

Observation

A

Direct and repeated in the natural environment

ABC recording

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12
Q

Interviews

A

List of behaviors from individual or significant others

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13
Q

Tests

A

Many published standardized tests exist
Must have consistent administration
BCBA’s may not administer tests due to licensing

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14
Q

Consider Biological/ Medical Variables

A

Rule out medical causes
Refer client to undergo medical eval
There may be no need for behavior services if behavior is due to medical or bio variables

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15
Q

Intervention Strategies Considerations

A

Consider what resources are before creating an intervention

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16
Q

Ecological Assessment

A

A great deal of information about individual and various settings
Costly in time and money

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17
Q

Reactivity

A

Effects of process on behavior
Reactivity occurs when are obtrusive
Repeat observations until reactive effects subside

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18
Q

Habilitation

A

Assess meaningfulness of change

Is the change really useful to the client?

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19
Q

Normalization

A

The belief that people with disabilities should be physically and socially integrated into mainstream society regardless of the degree or type of disability

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20
Q

Behavior Cusps

A

Opens a persons world to new contingencies
Exposes repertoire to new environments
Has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the change itself

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21
Q

Pivotal Behavior

A

A behavior that once learned produces modifications and variations in other adaptive behaviors

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22
Q

Generative learning

A

Enhancing comprehension of new material due to previous learning

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23
Q

AKA for Generative Learning

A

Derived Relations

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24
Q

Prioritizing target behavior

A

Threat to health or safety of client or others
Frequency
Longevity of problem
Potential for higher rates of reinforcement
Reduction of negative attention from others
Cost benefit ratio

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25
Q

4 Functions of Problem Behavior

A 
SEAT
Sensory
Escape
Attention
Tangible
26
Q

Default Technologies

A

Coercive punishment based interventions often selected arbitrarily
Conduction FBAs decreases reliance on default for technologies

27
Q

FBA Methods Pyramid

A

Analog Assessment/ Functional Analysis
Descriptive Direct Assessment
Indirect Assessment

28
Q

Functional Analysis

A

Only FBA method that allows us to confirm hypotheses regarding functional relations between behaviors and environment events

Antecedents and consequences are arranged so that their separate effects on behavior can be observed

29
Q

2 Types of Functional Analyses

A

Extended Functional Analysis

Brief Functional Analysis

30
Q

4 Typical Original Conditions of Functional Analysis

A

Contingent Attention
Contingent Escape
Alone
Control

31
Q

Interpreting Attention Function

A

Contingent attention tests for positive reinforcement
Client is given attention then isn’t
If the problem behavior occurs a mild reprimand
is given
If rates of problem behavior increased attention is the reinforcer

32
Q

Interpreting Escape Function

A

Contingent Escape tests for negative reinforcement
The client is given non-preferred demands repeatedly to establish MO
If the client makes no response to the demand or emits an incorrect response you prompt a correct response
If problem behavior occurs the demands are removed
If rates of problem behavior are higher, escape is the maintaining reinforcer

33
Q

Interpreting Automatic Reinforcement

A

Alone Condition tests for automatic reinforcement
The client remains in a room without demands and with no social interaction
No consequence is given if challenging behavior occurs
If behavior occurs in absence of social consequences automatic reinforcement is the maintaining reinforcer

34
Q

Interpreting Undifferentiated Pattern

A

Behavior occurring across all conditions or is variable

Inconclusive results or maintained automatic reinforcement

35
Q

Play Condition

A

This condition tests for automatic reinforcement and serves as a control condition

36
Q

Tangible Condition

A

Only use this when you hypothesize access to tangibles to be the function of the behavior
Client is given access to highly preferred items for a set amount of time and then is taken away
If problem behavior increases each time the tangible item is returned
If problem increases access to tangibles is the reinforcer

37
Q

Brief Functional Analysis

A

Determines which variable is maintaining the behavior
Attention, Escape, Alone and Play
Each condition is run for 10 minutes
Each condition except for alone must include an MO and SD
You purposely trigger the problem behavior and reinforce it when it occurs to observe if it increases. If it is the function the behavior increases

38
Q

Direct Descriptive FBA

A

Direct observation of problem behavior under natural conditions
Events are not arranged in a systematic manner
Involves baseline data collection

39
Q

3 Data Collection Methods for Descriptive FBA’s

A

ABC Narrative Recording
ABC Continuous Recording
Scatter Plot

40
Q

ABC Narrative Recording

A

Data are collected only when behaviors of interest are observed
Recording is open-ended
You can calculate conditional probability with this method too
Less time consuming
May yield false positives

41
Q

ABC Continuous Recording

A

Record occurrences of targeted problem behavior and selected environmental events within the natural routine during a specified period of time
Must be recorded for a minimum of 20-30 minutes
Precise measures
Provides useful contextual info and correlations

42
Q

Scatter Plot

A

Procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at a particular time than others

43
Q

Indirect FBA

A

Identifying potential events in the natural setting that correlate with the challenging behavior
Gathering info from others
Methods such as rating scales, checklists, structure interviews
Simple, contributes hypothesis development
Inaccurate info
Little research supports reliability

44
Q

Functional Equivalence

A

Decreasing behavior means you must select acceptable alternative behavior

45
Q

3 Characteristics of Good Operational Definitions

A

OCC
Objective
Clear
Complete

46
Q

Social Validity

A

It’s a BCBA’s ethical responsibility to ensure your assessment and intervention has social validity, or life has been changed in a meaningful and positive way

47
Q

2 Procedures for Identifying Effective Reinforcer

A

Stimulus Preference Assessment

Reinforcer Assessment

48
Q

Stimulus Preference Assessment

A

Identifies stimuli that are likely to function as reinforcers

49
Q

3 Basic Methods of Stimulus Preference Assessments

A

Asking about stimulus preferences
Free- Operant Observation
Trial- based methods

50
Q

Asking about stimulus preferences

A

Ask the target person- “Which would you work for?”
Open ended
Ranking list
Pictures
Asking Significant Others
Offer a Pre-Task Choice- “What do you want to earn for doing this”
Discrepancies between what a person claims is reinforcing and item maintaining reinforcement power

51
Q

Free- Operant Observation

A

Recording activities a person engages in for unrestricted time
Contrived- Person fills environment
Naturalistic- Conducted in learners environment

52
Q

Trial- Based Methods

A

Stimuli presented to learner in series of trials and responses are measured

53
Q

3 Types of Trial- Based Methods of Stimulus Preference Assessments

A

PMS
Paired Stim
Multiple Stim
Single Stim

54
Q

Paired Stimulus

A

Presentation of 2 stimulu

55
Q

Multiple Stimulus

A

Presentation of 3 or more stimuli
Multiple Stimuli with replacement
Multiple Stimuli without

56
Q

Single Stimulus

A

Most basic

Presenting one at a time in random order

57
Q

Reinforcer Assessment

A

A variety of direct, data based methods used to present one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and then measure the future effects on the rate of responding

58
Q

Concurrent Schedule Reinforcer Assessment

A

Two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for 2 or more behaviors
Pits two stimuli against each other
Shows relative effectiveness of high preference and low preference stimuli as reinforcers

59
Q

Multiple Schedule Reinforcer Assessment

A

Consists of 2 or more components schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect
EX. Answering math facts with teacher and with tutor
Answers math facts in small group with teacher
There is an SD for each contingency (tutor/teacher, small group/individual) and different reinforcement

60
Q

Progressive Ratio Schedule Reinforcer Assessment

A

Provides a framework for assessing the relative effectiveness of a stimulus as reinforcement as response requirements increase
Systematically overtime requirements inrease

BACB Exam Prep (32 decks)

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