Chapter 28 Generalization

Question 1

Contrived contingency

Answer 1

Any contingency of reinforcement (or punishment) designed and implemented by a behavior analyst to achieve the acquisition, maintenance and/or generalization of a targeted behavior change

Question 2

Contrived mediating stimulus

Answer 2

Any stimulus made functional for the target behavior in the instructional setting that later prompts or aids the learner in performing the target behavior in a generalization setting

Question 3

General case analysis

Answer 3

A systematic process for identifying and selecting teaching examples that represent the full range of stimulus variations and response requirements in the generalization setting (s)

Question 4

Generalization

Answer 4

A generic term for a variety of behavioral processes and behavior change outcomes, including generalized behavior change, response and stimulus generalization, and others

Question 5

Generalization across subjects

Answer 5

Changes in behavior of people not directly treated by an intervention ad a function of treatment contingencies applied to other people

Question 6

Generalization probe

Answer 6

Any measurement of a learner’s performance of a target behavior in a setting and/or stimulus situation in which direct training has not been provided

Question 7

Generalization setting

Answer 7

Any place or stimulus situation that differs in some meaningful way from the instructional setting and in which performance of the target behavior is desired

Question 8

Indiscriminable contingency

Answer 8

A contingency that makes it difficult for a learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement. Used to promote generalized behavior change

Question 9

Instructional setting

Answer 9

The environment where instruction occurs; includes all aspects of the environment, planned and unplanned

Question 10

Lag reinforcement schedule

Answer 10

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way from the previous response or a specified number of previous responses

Question 11

Multiple exemplar training

Answer 11

Instruction that provokes the learner with practice with a variety of stimulus conditions, response variations, and response topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired response forms

Question 12

Naturally existing contingency

Answer 12

Any contingency of reinforcement (or punishment) that operates independent of the behavior analyst’s efforts

Question 13

Programming common stimuli

Answer 13

A tactic for promoting setting/situation generalization by making the instructional setting similar to the generalization setting

Question 14

Response generalization

Answer 14

The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

Question 15

Response maintenance

Answer 15

The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior’s initial appearance in the learner’s repertoire had been terminated

Question 16

Setting/situation generalization

Answer 16

The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation that is different from the instructional setting

Question 17

Teaching sufficient examples

Answer 17

A strategy for promoting generalized behavior change that consists of teaching the learner to respond to a subset of all the relevant stimulus and response examples and then assessing the learner’s performance on untrained examples

Question 18

Teaching loosely

Answer 18

Randomly varying functionally irrelevant stimuli within and across teaching sessions to promote setting/situation generalization

Question 19

Behavior trap

Answer 19

An interrelated community of contingencies of reinforcement that can be especially powerful, producing substantial and long-lasting behavior changes