Assignments

Question 1

____ decreases the capacity to mobilize calcium from bones in nursing bitches with large puppy litter sizes

Answer 1

• eclampsia/puerperal hypocalcemia

Question 2

_______ increases the Sodium voltage channels conductivity causing the resting membrane potential to be closer to the threshold

Answer 2

• eclampsia/puerperal hypocalcemia

Question 3

Signs of ______ includes panting and restlessness. Mild tremors, twitching, muscle spasms and gait changes as a result of neuromuscular excitability

Answer 3

• eclampsia/puerperal hypocalcemia

Question 4

_____ is an inherited disease of the skeletal muscle which is caused by a genetic defect that limits the inactivation of sodium voltage channels

Answer 4

• hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses

Question 5

_____ might depolarize the cell membrane and take the resting membrane potential closer to the threshold

Answer 5

• hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses

Question 6

Signs of _____ include sporadic attacks of muscle tremors (shaking or trembling) weakness or collapse

Answer 6

• hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses

Question 7

______ is the unbalance between intake and excretion ratio

Answer 7

• hypokalemia

Question 8

_____ is usually due to GI or renal losses of potassium

Answer 8

• hypokalemia

Question 9

_____ decreases the resting membrane potential of cells (making it more negative), which hyperpolarizes the cell and makes them less sensitive to stimuli

Answer 9

• hypokalemia

Question 10

Signs of ______ are that muscles and nerves are weaker and require larger stimuli to be activated resulting in muscle weakness and arrhythmias

Answer 10

• hypokalemia

Question 11

Ventroflexion of the neck in cats can be seen in ________

Answer 11

• hypokalemia

Question 12

________ impairs the exocytosis of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the spinal cord causing spastic paralysis

Answer 12

• tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)

Question 13

______ impairs the exocytosis of ACh in the endplate synapsis (motor axon innervation of the skeletal muscle) causing flaccid paralysis

Answer 13

• botulism toxin

Question 14

_____ is a condition resulting from a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane resulting in a syndrome of muscle weakness. Both congenital and acquired forms of this condition occur in dogs, cats, and humans

Answer 14

• Myasthenia Gravis

Question 15

Myasthenia Gravis can cause _______

Answer 15

• megaesophagus and muscle weakness

Question 16

Myasthenia Gravis can be detected using the ______

Answer 16

• Tensilon Test (edrophonium test)

- > anticholinesterase