Respiration Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
Ventilation
A
- mechanics of breathing
2
Q
Diffusion
A
- the movement of gas to blood-alveolar barrier
3
Q
Gas exchange
A
- between alveolus and blood
- matching of ventilation and blood flow
4
Q
Gas transport
A
- pulmonary and bronchial circulations
- delivery of gases to tissues and back to the lungs
5
Q
Inspiration
A
- involves diaphragm and the external intercostal muscle
6
Q
Inspiration
A
- results in an increase in volume (amount of space the lungs occupy) and decrease in lung pressure
7
Q
Expiration
A
- involves diaphragm, internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
8
Q
Expiration
A
- increases the intrathoracic pressure and reduces the thoracic volume
- > thus pushing air out of the lungs
9
Q
Two elastic recoil forces of lungs and thoracic wall
A
- creates a sub-atmospheric pressure in the pleural space
10
Q
Atmospheric Pressure
A
- is the same as the pressure outside
11
Q
Subatmospheric pressure
A
- is lower than the pressure outside
12
Q
Alveolar Pressure
A
- negative value during inspiration
- > lower than atmospheric pressure
- slightly positive during expiration
- > higher than atmospheric pressure
13
Q
Intrapleural Pressure
A
- pressure in the liquid film between the lungs and the chest wall
- the intrapleural space
14
Q
Transpulmonary Pressure
A
- difference between the alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure
15
Q
Surfactant
A
- is a mixture of lipids and proteins that lowers surface tension in alveoli
16
Q
Type II alveolar epithelial cels (pneumocytes)
A
- produce surfactant
17
Q
Surface Tension in alveoli
A
- resists inflation and promotes deflation
- created by the air and liquid that covers the alveoli
- determines the elastic properties of the lung
18
Q
Respiratory Work
A
- the resistance to airflow due to the surface tension
- determines how much pressure needs to be applied to get air in/out of the lungs
19
Q
Pressure Required to move air in/out of lungs
A
- depends on muscle contraction and relaxation that demands muscle work
20
Q
Lung Disease
A
- increases resistance to airflow and therefore increases respiratory work
21
Q
Spirometer
A
- measures respiratory volumes
- > air capacity of the lungs
22
Q
Spirogram
A
- the pulmonary volumes and capacities
- graphic record of respiratory movements
- recorded results of the spirometer
23
Q
Total Lung Capacity
A
- The maximum air the lungs can hold
- > after a maximum inspiration
24
Q
Tidal Volume
A
- amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath during relaxed, quiet breathing
- the volume of each breath
25
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
- The maximum additional volume that can be inspired at rest after a normal inspiration
26
Expiratory reserve volume
- The maximum additional volume that can be expired at rest after a normal expiration
27
Residual Volume
- The volume remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration
28
Vital Capacity
- the maximum volume that can be breathed
| = inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
29
Functional Residual Capacity
- the volume remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation
| = expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
30
Minimal volume
- it is a component of the residual volume
- represents the amount of volume that will remain after the lungs collapse (pneumothorax)
- it cannot be measured in a healthy individual and
31
Minute Ventilation
- the volume of air breathed per minute
32
Deadspace
- volume of air in airways that do not participate in gas exchange
33
Anatomic Deadspace
- volume of conducting airways that do not participate in gas exchange
- > trachea and part of the bronchi
34
Physiologic Deadspace
= Anatomic Vd + Alveolar Vd
| - the TOTAL space of air that does not contribute to gas exchange
35
Alveolar Vd
- volume of air ventilating unperfused alveoli
| - the additional non-functional alveolar space
36
Functional Pulmonary Circulation
- all blood coming from the right ventricle
| - It reliefs carbon dioxide to the alveoli and gets loaded with oxygen in the lung
37
Nutritional Pulmonary Circulation
- supplies the lung with nutrients and reliefs from waste products
38
Barometric pressure
- could be considered as the weight of a column of air from ground level to outer space which presses down on the surface of the earth
- generated by the weight of the atmospheric air which presses down on the ground
39
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- the total pressure is due to the pressure exerted by each individual gas
40
Partial Pressure
- determining parameter for the diffusion of gases
41
Ventilation Failure
- partial pressures of CO2 and O2 drift toward venous blood values
42
Blood Perfusion Failure
- partial pressures of CO2 and O2 drift toward dead space values
43
Oxygen Capacity
- the maximum amount of oxygen bound to Hemoglobin in 1 L of blood
