Associations Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
actinic keratosis
A
precursor to SCC
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skip lesions (Crohn disease)
5
Q
aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
atherosclerosis
6
Q
aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction
7
Q
aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
marfan syndrome
8
Q
aortic dissection
A
hypertension
9
Q
atrophy of mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
sickle cell disease
11
Q
bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
bacterial meningitis
A
adults-strep pneumo
newborns-GBS, E. coli
kids-strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis
13
Q
bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells
14
Q
bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
15
Q
brain tumor (adults)
A
supratentorial-mets, astrocytoma, meningioma, schwannoma
16
Q
brain tumor (kids)
A
infratentorial-medulloblastoma or carnipharyngioma if supratentorial
17
Q
breast cancer
A
invasive ductal carcinoma
18
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
19
Q
breast tumor-benign
A
fibroadenoma
20
Q
cardiac primary tumor kids
A
rhabdomyoma (often seen in tuberous sclerosis)
21
Q
cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
22
Q
cardiac tumors adults
A
mets, myxoma (90% left atrium, ball and valve)
23
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
chiari II malformation
24
Q
chronic arrhythmia
A
atrial fibrillation-associated with risk of emboli
25
chronic atrophic gastritis
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (also cause pernicious anemia)
26
clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
27
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase def
28
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
29
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
30
constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing); idiopathic, viral (developed world)
31
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
32
cretinism
iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
33
Cushing syndrome
iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (ACTH secretion by tumors)
34
cyanosis-early
tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
35
cyanosis-late
VSD, ASD, PDA
36
death in CML
blast crisis
37
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
38
dementia
alzheimer, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
39
demyelinating disease in young women
MS
40
DIC
severe sepsis, obsteric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
41
dietary deficit
iron
42
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
43
ejection click
aortic stenosis
44
esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| adenocarcinoma (US)
45
food poisoning-exotoxin mediated
staph aureus
| B cereus
46
glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
47
gynecologic malignancy
endometrial carcinoma (US) cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
48
heart murmur-congenital
mitral valve prolapse
49
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever, tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
50
helminth infection in US
enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
51
epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery
52
subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
53
hemochromatossi
multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, bronze diabetes and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
54
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B/C and alcoholism)
55
hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
56
hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
57
HLA B27
ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
58
HLA DR3
DM type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
59
HLA DR4
DM type 1, RA
60
holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
61
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (increase risk of thrombosis)
62
hypertension, secondary
renal disease
63
hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
infection secondary to blood stranfusion
hep C
66
infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus
E. coli
Aspergillus (catalase +)
67
intellectual disability
Down syndrome
| fragile X syndrome
68
kidney stones
calcium=radiopaque
stuvite=radiopaque (by urease positive organisms)
uric acid=radiolucent
69
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L)
eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA, results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
70
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
71
lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
72
male cancer
prostatic carcinoma
73
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
74
malignancy in kids
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
mets to bone
prostate, breast>lung>thyroid
76
mets to brain
lung>breast>GU>melanoma>GI
77
mets to liver
colon>>stomach, pancreas
78
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females
| inherited through females only
79
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
80
mixed UMN and LMN motor neuron disease
ALS
81
myocarditis
coxsackie B
82
nephrotic syndrome in adults
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
83
nephrotic snydrome in kids
minimal change disease
84
neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic, hypognoadism, and anosmia)
85
nosocomial pneumonia
S. aureus, pseudonomas, other enteric gram-negative rods
86
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
opening snap
mitral stenosis
88
opportunistic infections in AIDS
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
89
osteomyelitis
staph aureus
90
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
91
osteomyelitis in IV drug use
pseudomonas, candida, staph aureus
92
ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
93
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
94
pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones, alcohol
95
pancreatitis (chronic)
alcohol in adults
| CF in kids
96
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL-child
CLL-adult (60s)
AML-adult (60s)
CML-adult (40-80s)
97
pelvic inflammatory disease
c. trachomatis
| n. gonorrhoeae
98
philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) BCR-ABL
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
99
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
100
primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45 X,O)
101
primary bone tumor in adults
multiple myeloma
102
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
103
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasias, carcinoma
104
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic heptatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
105
pulmonary hypertension
COPD
106
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
107
renal tumor
renal cell carcinoma-associated with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
108
RHF due to a pulomnary cause
cor pulmonale
109
S3 heart sound
increase ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
110
S4 heart sound
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
111
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
112
sexually transmitted disease
c. trachomatis (usually coinfected with n. gonorrhoeae)
113
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
114
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
115
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta>coronary artery>popliteal artery>carotid artery
116
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
117
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
118
t(14;18)
follicular lymphomas (BCL2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
119
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
120
t(9;22)
philadelphia chromosome CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
121
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
122
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
123
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
124
tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
125
tumor of infancy
strawberry hemangioma (usually regress spontaneously by childhood)
126
tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
pheochromocytoma-usually benign
127
tumor of adrenal medulla in children
neuroblastoma-malignant
128
type of Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
129
type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
130
UTI
E. coli, staph saprophyticus in young women
131
vertebral compression fracture
osteoporosis (type 1-postmenopausal woman; type 2-elderly man or woman)
132
viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
vitamin deficiency
folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
