Asthma

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

The exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Triggers that can cause asthma symptoms to flare up include allergies, air pollution, exercise, cold air, stress, and respiratory infections.

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

The main risk factor for asthma is having a family history of the condition.

Other risk factors can include a history of respiratory infections, exposure to second-hand smoke or air pollution, and being overweight.

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

Asthma is a common respiratory condition, affecting an estimated 339 million people worldwide.

It is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, with about half of all cases being diagnosed before the age of 10.

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

The primary symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

These symptoms can be mild to severe and may occur intermittently or persistently.

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for asthma varies depending on the severity of the condition and the person’s overall health.

With appropriate treatment, most people with asthma are able to manage their symptoms and live a normal, active life.

However, severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening, and long-term uncontrolled asthma can lead to irreversible lung damage.

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

The symptoms of asthma can be similar to other respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Other conditions that can cause breathing difficulties include heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and anxiety disorders.