asthma

Question 1

What is asthma

Answer 1

a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lungs

Question 2

What are some symptoms of asthma

Answer 2

wheeze

cough

shortness of breath

chest tightness

Question 3

aside from medicine how can some symptoms of asthma be relieved

Answer 3

by avoiding triggers

Question 4

what are some examples of asthma triggers

Answer 4

pollen
pet dander
smoking

Question 5

what tests should we do when someone is undergoing an acute exacerbation of asthma

Answer 5

do their peak expiratory flow rate and test there forced expiratory volume

Question 6

what are some non pharmacological management options for the treatment of asthma

Answer 6

avoid triggers

stop smoking

lose weight

carry out breathing exercises

Question 7

what are some tests we may do when diagnosing asthma

Answer 7

peak flow
spirometry
blood gases
pulse oximetry
FeNo test

Question 8

what are the two different types of management for asthma

Answer 8

acute

chronic

Question 9

what type of situation would we be treating using acute management

Answer 9

when there has been some form of emergency

Question 10

how might we stabilize a patient who is undergoing an acute exacerbation of asthma

Answer 10

o2

nebulised bronchodilators

steroids

prednisolone 40mg x5

iv magnesium sulphate

Question 11

at what value do we offer iv magnesium sulfate

Answer 11

if <50 or predicted to be <50

Question 12

what is the main idea behind chronic treatment

Answer 12

to prevent an acute exacerbation of asthma

Question 13

name two short acting beta 2 agonists

Answer 13

theophyline
salbutamol

Question 14

name two short acting antimuscarinics

Answer 14

ipratropium
bromide

Question 15

name two long acting antimuscarinics

Answer 15

tiotropium bromide
aclidenum bromide

Question 16

name two long acting beta 2 agonists

Answer 16

salmeterol
formoterol

Question 17

what are two symptoms of overuse of LABAs

Answer 17

hypokalaemia
tremor

Question 18

what are some examples of inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 18

beclametasone
budesonide
fluticasone

Question 19

what ics is qvar

Answer 19

beclametasone

Question 20

what ics is clenil

Answer 20

beclametasone

Question 21

what ics is pulmicort

Answer 21

budesonide

Question 22

what ics is flixotide

Answer 22

fluticasone

Question 23

what is the more potent beclametasone inhaler qvar or clenil

Answer 23

qvar

qvar 50mcg = 100mcg

Question 24

name a leukotrine receptor antagonist

Answer 24

montelukast

Question 25

what is 1st line for a patient over 12

Answer 25

AIR therapy which is ICS + LABA

Question 26

what is an example of AIR therapy

Answer 26

beclametasone + formoterol inhaler

Question 27

what is 2nd line for a patient over 12

Answer 27

MART therapy which is the same but at specific timings rather than as required

Question 28

You are a ward pharmacist reviewing patients on the ward that you are covering. You notice that one of the patients admitted who has persistent breathlessness has an electrolyte disturbance. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is the most common with salbutamol overuse?

Answer 28

Hypokalemia is most associated with overuse of salbutamol

Question 29

What is the primary mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor related medications in the treatment of atopic respiratory conditions?

Answer 29

inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes are one of several substances which are released by mast cells which often drive bronchoconstriction activation of these receptors would trigger the bronchoconstriction so leukotriene receptors antagonists prevent this

Question 30

Which of the following is a the most likely side effect associated with long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of asthma?

Answer 30

increased risk of osteoporosis for this question we need to think about the long acting effects of steroids as a whole rather than with the side effects of something.

Question 31

Which of the following medications is an antitussive commonly used to suppress cough reflex in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

Answer 31

dextromethorphan is used to temporarily relieve cough caused by the common cold, flu or other conditions

Question 32

A patient with COPD is prescribed an antibiotic for an exacerbation. What is a common antibiotic choice for treating respiratory exacerbations in COPD with a penicillin allergy?

Answer 32

doxycycline