Atherosclerosis and Blood Clotting

Question 1

Describe stage 1 of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Endothelium which lines the artery wall is damaged which causes an inflammatory response

Question 2

Describe stage 2 of atherosclerosis

Answer 2

WBC move to the artery wall where they accumulate cholesterol and form foam cells and atheroma.

Question 3

Describe stage 3 of atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Calcium salts and fibrous tissue are laid down to form a plaque over the cholesterol

Question 4

Describe stage 4 of atherosclerosis

Answer 4

Lumen narrows, BP increases which is caused positive feedback and this causes more endothelium to be damaged increasing the risk of atherosclerosis

Question 5

Describe stage 1 of blood clotting

Answer 5

Platelets become sticky and form a platelet plug

Question 6

Describe stage 2 of blood clotting

Answer 6

Endothelium which lines the artery wall is damaged which releases thromboplastin

Question 7

Describe stage 3 of blood clotting

Answer 7

Thromboplastin and Calcium 2+ and Vitamin K cause a cascade of chemical changes which converts prothrombin to thrombin and insoluble fibrinogen into soluble fibrin

Question 8

Describe stage 3 of blood clotting

Answer 8

Fibrin strands form a tangled mesh which traps RBC forming a clot

Question 9

Describe CHD

Answer 9

Narrowing of coronary arteries limiting oxygenated blood
Angina due to anaerobic
Plaque ruptures = collagen exposed leading to rapid clot formation
Ischaemic - no oxygen
Myocardial infarction

Question 10

Describe stroke

Answer 10

Supply of blood to the brain is briefly interrupted then its a mini stroke
If a clot blocks artery leading to brain full stroke results