Risk Flashcards
(20 cards)
Gender
Higher risk for men as oestrogen increases level of good cholestrol
Age
Higher as you get older due to arteries losing elasticity so easily damaged
High BP (hypertension)
Increases likelihood of atherosclerosis as it damages wall
Define BP
measure of hydrostatic force of blood against the walls of vessel
Define systolic pressure
Pressure at its highest when ventricles contracted
Define diastolic presure
Pressure at its lowest when ventricles are relaxed
How do you measure BP?
Sphygmomanometer
What’s peripheral resistance?
Contact between blood and walls of blood vessels causes friction and this impedes blood flow
Whats oedema?
Fluid building up in tissues casuing swelling
What is cholesterol?
Not soluble in water so its combined with proteins
Whats LDL’s
Circulate in bloodstream and bind to receptors on cell membrane
Excess overload these receptors and may be deposited in artery wall
Whats HDL’s
Higher % of protein
Transport cholesterol from the tissues to the liver where its broken down
Saturated vs Unsaturated
Saturated fats increase LDL levels
Saturated fats with polyunsaturated fat decreases LDL levels
Smoking
CO binds to haemoglobin instead of oxygen reducing O2 supply
Increased heart rate as body reacts to provide O2 to all cells
Nicotine stimulates adrenaline production causing an increase in heart rate and causes constriction
Chemicals damage endothelium
Reduces HDL levels
Inactivity
Increases BP as it doesn’t maintain weight
Increases likelihood of having type II diabetes
Heredity
Higher risk if your family has the disease
Antioxidants
Reduce the effects of free radicals damage endothelium
Salt
Kidneys retain water
higher fluid levels in blood result in elevated BP
Stress
releases adrenaline causing constriction
Increases BP
Alcohol
Raiases BP, Obesitiy, irregular heart beat
tissue damage
liver cant remove glucose and lipds
converted to ethanol which ends up as LDL
