Atlas A Flashcards
Anatomical Postion
Person stands erect
Feet flat on floor
Arms at sides
Palms, face and eyes facing forward
Anatomical Planes
Sagittal plane divides body into right and left regions
Frontal (coronal) plane divides body into anterior and posterior or front and back portions
Transverse (horizontal) plane divides the body into superior or and inferior upper and lower portions
Section/Plane
Implies actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
Plane- implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Ventral/Dorsal
Animals
Front and back
Superior/Inferior
Superior Towards the head
Inferior towards the bottom of away from the head
Medical & Lateral
Medial is towards the midline
Lateral away from the midline
Cephalic
Relating to the head
Rostral
Nose
Used in animals
Caudal
Towards the tail (back)
Anterior & Posterior
Humans
Anterior front
Posterior back
Animals
Anterior is the head end
Posterior is tail end
Axial regions
Head, neck & trunk
Thoracic region=trunk above the diaphragm
Abdominal region=trunk below the diaphragm
Appendicular region
Upper and lower limbs
Upper limb- arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers
Lower limb- femoral region, crural region, tarsal region, pedal and digits
Body cavities and membranes
Major body cavities -cranial cavity -vertebral cavity -thoracic cavity -abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal and pelvic
Membranes
Lined by serous (serious fluids) membranes
Filled with viscera (intestines)
Cranial cavity
Contains brain
Lined with meninges
Vertebral canal
Contains the spinal cord
Lined with meninges
Thoracic cavity
Mediastinum- region between lungs
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity- contains the heart
Heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea & thymus
11 organ systems
Run Mrs lidec
Respiratory system Urinary system Nervous system Muscular system Reproductive system Skeletal system Lymphatic system Integumentary system Digestive system Endocrine system Circulatory system
Organs for protection support and movement
Integumentary system:skin, hair, nail, cutaneous glands
Function: protection, thermoregulation, vitamin d synthesis
Skeletal system: bones, cartilages, ligaments
Function: support, movement, electrolyte and acid balance
Muscular system: skeletal muscles
Function: movement, stability, control of body opening and heat production
Internal communication and integration
Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
Function: rapid internal communication, coordinate motor control and sensation
Endocrine system: pituitary glands, pineal gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, tested and ovaries
Function: hormone production and internal chemical communication and coordination
Fluid transport
Circulatory system: heart and blood vessels
Function: distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, heat, immune cells, electrolyte and acid base balance
Lymphatic system: lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and tonsils
Function: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells
Defense
Lymphatic system
Input and output
Respiratory system: nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Function: absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, and speech
Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Function: eliminate waste, regulation of blood volume and pressure
Digestive system: teeth, tongue, salivary, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function: nutrients break down and absorption, liver functions such as metabolism of carbs lipids and protein
Reproduction
Reproductive system: testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostrate, bulbourethral, penis
Function: production and delivery of sperm
Female: ovaries,uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and mammary glands
Function: production of eggs, fetal development
RUQ
Liver
Gallbladder
Transverse colon
Right kidney
