Atmosphere

Question 1

When did the earth form

Answer 1

4.6 billion years ago

Question 2

One theory suggests that early atmosphere came from…

Answer 2

intense volcanic pressure, which released gases into the atmosphere.

Question 3

Three features of early earth atmosphere

Answer 3

Large amounts of CO2

Little or no oxygen

Small amounts of gases, such as ammonia and and methane

Question 4

How were the oceans formed

Answer 4

Volcanic activity also released water vapour, which condensed as the earth cooled to form the oceans.

Question 5

Why did nitrogen build up in the atmesphere

Answer 5

Because it is unreactive

Question 6

How long have the relative proportions of our atmosphere been the same

Answer 6

200 million years

Question 7

Our air % of different gases

Answer 7

80% nitrogen approx
20% oxygen approx
1% other gases

Question 8

When did algae first evolve

Answer 8

2.7 billions

Question 9

What did early volcanoes release other than water vaopur

Answer 9

Lots of carbon dioxide and some other gases

Question 10

All the things early volcanoes released

Answer 10

Water vapour
CO2
Small amounts of methane and ammonia

Question 11

What did the early atmosphere mainly consist of

Answer 11

98% C02
1% nitrogen
1% of other gases

Question 12

At this stage, some of the _____ _____ ______ in the oceans to form a weak _____

Answer 12

carbon dioxide dissolved acid

Question 13

How did oxygen increase

Answer 13

By algae performing photosynthesis. and by other primitive plants the amount of oxygen they made eventually built up and enabled animals to evolve

Question 14

Formation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide is a very soluble gas. It dissolves readily in water. As the oceans formed, carbon dioxide dissolved to form soluble carbonate compounds. Then carbinated compounds where then precipitated as sedimentary rocks.

Question 15

How did carbon dioxide decrease by formation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 15

It dissolved in water and formed soluble carbonate compounds and these precipitated into sedimentary rocks reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 16

How was carbon dioxide reduced by living organisms

Answer 16

Absorbed from the oceans into photosynthetic algae and plants. Many of these organisms, and the simple organisms and the food chains that they are supported were turned into fossil fuels which all contain carbon.

Question 17

How was coal formed

Answer 17

Coal being a fossil fuel was formed from trees which were in dense forests in low-lying wetland areas. Flooding caused the wood from these forests to be buried in a way that prevented oxidation taking place compression and heating over millions of years turned wood into coal

Question 18

How were crude oil and natural gas formed

Answer 18

from simple plants and tiny animals which were living in oceans and lakes. These small organisms died and their remains sank to the bottom where they were buried under sediments the lack of oxygen prevented oxidation from occurring

Over millions of years, heat and pressure turned the remains of the organisms into crude oil.

Question 19

Where is natural gas often found

Answer 19

on top of crude oil trapped under sedimentry rocks

Question 20

Green house effect (6)
blurt rn bitch if u got it wrong

Answer 20

1. electromagnetic radiation at most wavelengths passes through the earths atmosphere
2. The earth absorbs most of the radiation and warms up
3. The earth radiates energy as infrared radiation
4. Some of the infrared radiation is absorbed by green house gases in the atmosphere
5. The lower atmosphere warms up

Question 21

Human activities contributing to green house effect e.gs

Answer 21

farming cattle releases methane

Farming rice in paddy fields releases methane

Burning fossil fuels in vehicles and power stations releases carbon dioxide

Deforestation releases carbon dioxide and reduces the absorption of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

Question 22

Why does not everyone believe humans are causing global warming

Answer 22

Because they believe the events are natural factors and cycles of climate change

Question 23

Why can scientists not be certain about global warming

Answer 23

Climate change is complicated and it is difficult to predict and explain what will happen to global temps in the future. So scientists cannot be certain about global warming.

Question 24

When evaluating the quality of the evidence on an issue like global warming what should you consider

Answer 24

Who did the research and whether they are trustworthy, skilled and experienced

Who funded the research, because that might cause some bias.

What methods were used to collect and analyse the data, because that might cause uncertainties in the evidence base.

Which organisation is reporting or publishing the evidence.

Question 25

Whats the difference between climate and weather

Answer 25

climate refers to the average temprature and cycles of weather over long periods of time decades at least. Weather is new times perhaps it was a bit windy last week or hotter last year.

Question 26

Climate change history

Answer 26

It has been constantly changing it has had several ice ages and periods of much warmer global temps until 200 years ago these changes were all caused by natural changes such as volcanic eruptions and changes in the energy from the sun

Question 27

Global warming

Answer 27

the rise in the average temperature of the earths surface

Question 28

What is a strong piece of evidence that humans are causes global warming

Answer 28

There is a strong correlation between the increase in global carbon dioxide caused by human activities and the increase in global temperatures over the same timescale.

Question 29

Effects of global warming e.gs

Answer 29

Glaciers and polar ice melting Sea levels rising Habitats changing

Question 30

Two reasons why climate change leads to rising sea levels

Answer 30

Water from melting glaciers and polar ice enters the oceans. As the Earth’s temperature increases, seawater warms up and expands.

Question 31

Carbon footprint

Answer 31

of a product is the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Question 32

three ways you can reduce your carbon footprint in the uk

Answer 32

1. Fit photovoltaic solar panels 2. Commute to work by bicycle instead of driving 3. Improve their home insulation which will reduce the amount of gas burned in the boiler.

Question 33

What occurs during combustion when there are lots of oxygen atoms present

Answer 33

The carbon atoms are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide

Question 34

What occurs during combustion when there are few of oxygen atoms present

Answer 34

Carbon monoxide or carbon may be produced during combustion

Question 35

Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs when

Answer 35

there is a good supply of oxygen. It releases the maximum amounts of energy and produces carbon dioxide and water

Question 36

Incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs when there is

Answer 36

is a poor supply of oxygen. Less energy is released. Water is still produced from the hydrogen atoms. Instead of a carbon dioxide, you might get carbon monoxide or particulate carbon, known commonly as soot.