Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry paper 2 > Rescources > Flashcards

Rescources Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do we use resources for (5)

A

Warmth, shelter, food, materials for clothing, fuels for transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agriculture allows use to use the earths resources more _____

A

efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a synthetic alternative

A

Replacement of natural resource with synthetic resource,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is drinking water essential for human life

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drinking water must have

A

sufficiently low levels of dissolved salts

Cannot have high levels of microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is drinking waters scientific name

A

Potable water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is potable water the same as pure water (why)

A

no

Because pure water contains no dissolved substances at all, but potable water does though in quite small quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does waste water contain

A

Large quantity of organic molecules

from urine and faeces and also contains microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st stage of waste water treatment

What is objective of 1st stage

A

Sewage is screened by passing through a mesh

To remove solids and pieces of grit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2nd stage of waste water treatment

What is the objective of the 2nd stage

A

Sewage settles in large sedimentation tanks

To produce a liquid effluent and a semi-solid sludge which sinks.

sludge is taken away and digested by anaerobic bacteria

In the absence of oxygen the bacteria produce bio-gas which can be burned for oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can the digested sludge be used for in WWT

A

fertilisers for farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the liquid effluent harmful

A

It contains large quantities of organic molecules and harmful microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What must happen to the liquid effluent before being released back into the environment

A

Reduce the harmful microbes and organic molocules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are harmful microbes and organic molecules reduced

A

Air is bubbled through the liquid effluent. This allows aerobic bacteria to multiply

In the presence of oxygen the aerobic bacteria digest the organic molecules and harmful microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If water has been used to make chemicals or paper. what must happen to the water before it can be released back into the environment.

A

Be treated of any harmful chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the easiest way to produce portable water

A

To use ground water from aquifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does the water from an aquifer need to be tested carefully (1)

A

Could be polluted from fertilizers from farms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If water is scarce what is another method of making potable water other than aquifers. (1)

A

Turning waste water from sewage directly into potable water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How could turning waste water from sewage directly into potable water be a expensive (1)

A

Requires many purification steps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disadvantage of desalination (2)

A

Requires a lot of energy and is expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Process of phytomining (4)

A

Plants are grown on land containing metal compound is that we want.

The plants absorb the metal compound we want and they concentrate it in their tissues

The plants are then harvested then burnt

The ash that remains contains a relatively high concentration of the metal compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a life cycle assessment (2)

A

An attempt to put a number on the environmental impact of a product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a disadvantage of extracting metal from ore (1)

A

Lots of unwanted toxic waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What substances make plastic bags (1)

A

Using chemicals from crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where do we get resources from (3)
The earths crust, oceans and atmosphere.
26
What can ammonia be used to make
Fertilizers, explosives and dyes
27
Equation for creating ammonia
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
28
The Haber process
1. Nitrogen and hydrogen are pumped through pipes 2. The pressure of the mixture of gases is increased to 200 atmospheres. 3. The pressured gases are heated to 450C and passed through a tank containing an iron catalyst 4. The reaction mixture is cooled so that ammonia liquefies and can be removed. 5. Unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are recycled
29
Why is unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen recycled
Recycling unused reactants saved money and increases overall effective yield
30
What is a fertliser
A nutrient added to soil to increase soil fertility
31
What to fertilisers provide for plants
They provide mineral ions needed for healthy growth in plants.
32
How do plants absorb mineral ions from the water in the soil
They absorb the mineral ions via root hair cells.
33
Why would farmers add fertlisers to there plants
Over time the concentration of mineral ions decreases so more mineral ions are required
34
What are NPK formulas made of
Nitrogen Phosphorus and potassium
35
Why must fertilizes be soluble in water
So they can be absorbed by root hair cells
36
ammonium nitrate formula
NH4NO3
37
ammonium sulfate formula
(NH4)2SO4
38
ammonium phosphate formula
(NH4)3PO4
39
Potassium nitrate formula
KNO3
40
Two disadvantages of obtaning raw materials from the earth
Using up limited resources such as crude oil and ores Damaging habitats through quarrying, mining or felling trees
41
What effects does manafactoring products have on the environment
Use up land for factories The use of machines and people
42
What are the disadvantages of disposal of products
Using up land for landfill sites Whether any or all of the product can be recycled or reused
43
What is corrosion
Happens when a metal continues to oxidise. The metal becomes weaker over time eventually all of it may become a metal oxide
44
Is rusting a form of corrosion
yes
45
Rusting equation
Iron + oxygen + water --> hydrated iron (III) oxide
46
What colour is Hydrated iron (III)
orange-brown
47
How can u prevent rusting
Preventing oxygen or water coming into contact with iron or steel
48
non barrier method of preventing rusting
Keep oxygen in a atmosphere of unreactive nitrogen or argon with no oxygen. Add a desiccant to keep the metal dry.
49
Physical barrier methods for preventing rusting
Paiting Oiling and greasing Coating with plastic
50
What is electroplating
Electroplating involves using electrolysis to put a thin layer of metal on the object
51
Definition of recycling
Used materials that have been reprocessed to make new materials
52
LCA of plastic carrier bags
Raw Materials: Crude oil is finite. Requires a lot of energy to perform fraction distillation, cracking and polymerization Manufacture: Cheaper to make large quantities of bags from plastic Use: Lower impact on environment for plastic bags are strong, so they can be re-used Disposal: Can sometimes be collected and recycled; if disposed as litter they do biodegrade; could decades of hundreds of years to degrade
53
two advantages of recycling
- Fewer quarries and mines needed to extract finite reserves of metal ores - Less crude oil needs to be extracted from the crust as a raw material for making plastics - Less energy is needed for recycling compared with making a new product from natural gases is reduced. - The amount of waste that is disposed of in landfill is reduced
54
The table shows the percentage of energy saved by recycling compared to extraction from a metal ore. Metal Energy saved (%) Iron 70 Aluminium 92 Suggest an explanation for the difference. (6)
Aluminum is extracted from its ore using electrolysis but iron is extracted by heating with carbon. Electrolysis uses more energy, so more energy is used to extract aluminium in the first place. Aluminium has a lower melting point than iron, so less energy is needed to melt it during recycling.
55
How could we reduce our needs for raw materials
Recycling and reusing
56
5 materials humans need for modern life
Clay ceramics, plastic, glass, metal and building materials
57
Two ways raw materials can be obtained
Mining, quarrying
58
How can quarrying be harmful to the enviroment
It produces large amounts of dust and destroys habitats.
59
How can mining be harmful to the enviroment
Mining can release harmful chemicals into the environment
60
what are glass bottles recycled into and how
They are melted and crushed to make different glass products for example jars.
61
What product could be recycled for a different use
Plastic bottles
62
How do we recycle metals
We melt them then recast them into different products
63
What problem could come up when trying to recycle metals
The metals need to be separated.
64
What is corrosion
Corrosion is the destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.
65
What is an e.g of corrsion
rusting
66
What does rusting only apply too
Iron and alloys of iron such as steel
67
How to carry out an experiment on the conditions required for rusting and the results
We have three test tubes In the first test tube we have an iron nail in distilled water and the test tube is open to the air. In the second test tube we, have an iron nail and this is also in boiled distilled water. Boiling the water removes any dissolved air. The water is then covered with oil. This prevents any air in the test tube from dissolving in the water. In the third test tube we have anhydrous calcium chloride powder. This removes any water from the air in the test tube. We also place a rubber bung on the test tube. This prevents any moist air from entering. In test tube 1, we find that the iron nail is covered in rust. In test tubes 2 and 3 there is no rust
68
Disadvantages of recycling
- The collection and transport of used items need organisation, workers, vehicles and fuel. - It can be difficult to sort different metals from one another - The sorted metal may need to be transported to where it can be turned into ingots.
69
Disadvantages of phytoexctraction
Its slow
70
Advantages of phytoexctraction
Reduces the need to obtain new ore by mining Conserves limited supplies of high-grade ores Reduces the amount of rock waste that must be disposed of after traditional mining.

Chemistry paper 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions