Atmosphere

Question 1

blanket of gas that covers the earth’s surface

protects the earth from excess UV rays and objects from outer space

Answer 1

atmosphere

Question 2

functions of atmosphere

Answer 2

protection from radiation

protection from meteors

weather activity

respiration

allows sound to be heard

Question 3

particles of air nearer the surface of the earth are denser and they gradually scatter with increasing altitude (due to decreasing gravity as altitude increases)

Answer 3

dispersion

Question 4

gets colder as one gets higher

where weather activities occur

thinnest layer

Answer 4

troposphere

Question 5

gets warmer as one gets higher

where ozone layer is located

ozone layer absorbs 97-99% of medium freq. UV light

some planes reach up to this layer

Answer 5

stratosphere

Question 6

gets colder as one gets higher

where most meteors disintegrate due to its freezing temp.

absorbs very little solar radiation

Answer 6

mesosphere

Question 7

gets hotter as one goes higher

Answer 7

thermosphere

Question 8

continuous with outer space

Answer 8

exosphere

Question 9

signify change in temperature behavior; signify beginning and end of each layer

Answer 9

pauses

Question 10

4 pauses

Answer 10

tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, thermopause

Question 11

composition of atmosphere

Answer 11

78% dinitrogen (n2), 20.1% o2, 0.9% ar, less than 1% other gases

Question 12

water that flows above and below the surface

Answer 12

hydrosphere

Question 13

hydrologic cycle

Answer 13

evaporation - condensation - precipitation

Question 14

sun heat’s convert water to water vapor;

water vapor can also come form transpiration that occurs on the surface of plant leaves

Answer 14

evaporation

Question 15

cloud formation; water vapor/ ire releases HEAT, returning to droplet form

Answer 15

condensation

Question 16

water falls back to the earth’s surface

Answer 16

precipitation

Question 17

movement of water is caused by

Answer 17

waves, tides, and currents

Question 18

caused by wind blowing across the water’s surface; can shape the shoreline

Answer 18

waves

Question 19

strongest forces that move the ocean tides

Answer 19

tides

Question 20

continuous movement of sea water in a particular direction

responsible in balancing Earth’s energy and regulating the climate

Answer 20

currents

Question 21

circular paths that open ocean currents flow

Answer 21

gyre

Question 22

northern hemisphere gyre

Answer 22

clockwise direction

Question 23

southern hemisphere gyre

Answer 23

counterclockwise direction

Question 24

solid part of the earth

outer 100km of earth

made up of granite continental crust, basaltic oceanic crust and peridotite mantle

rests on semi-solid bed called asthenosphere

Answer 24

lithosphere

Question 25

accumulation of loosed, weathered material that covers much of the lithosphere primarily composed of weathered rock

Answer 25

soil

Question 26

types of soil

Answer 26

clay - sand - silt - loam

Question 27

fine particles, settle well together and can hold water well

Answer 27

clay

Question 28

larger than clay but smaller than sand, feels smooth when wet

Answer 28

silt

Question 29

largest particles, feels rough cause of its sharp edges; doesn't hold much nutrients

Answer 29

sand

Question 30

combination of clay, silt and sand mixture of bacteria, water and humus (decayed plant and animal material) - makes soil reach in nutrients BEST SOIL FOR PLANTS (retains water well and gives plants room to breathe)

Answer 30

loam

Question 31

properties of soil

Answer 31

color - porosity - permeability

Question 32

property is based on composition

Answer 32

color

Question 33

amount of air spaces within a soil

Answer 33

porosity

Question 34

capacity of soil to let fluids seep through

Answer 34

permeability

Question 35

flood prone soil

Answer 35

low porosity and permeability (rainwater cannot seep through soil)

Question 36

minerals

Answer 36

naturally occurring inorganic matter have a chemical formula have a crystalline form

Question 37

physical properties of minerals

Answer 37

color - streak - luster - specific gravity - cleavage - parting - fracture - hardness

Question 38

most noticeable BUT UNRELIABLE in identifying materials

Answer 38

color

Question 39

color of the fine powder left when mineral is rubbed against a hard, rough surface ___ of mineral is always the same

Answer 39

streak

Question 40

piece of unglazed porcelain used to create a streak

Answer 40

streak plate

Question 41

the way light reflects from mineral's surface; either metallic or non-metallic

Answer 41

luster

Question 42

tendency of material to break parallel to atomic planes (form crystalline structure)

Answer 42

cleavage

Question 43

tendency to break along surfaces that follow a structural weaknesses caused by factors such as pressure, or long zones of different crystal types

Answer 43

parting

Question 44

breaks that do not follow a particular direction when they break

Answer 44

fracture

Question 45

a mineral's resistance to being scratched

Answer 45

diamond

Question 46

moh's hardness scale

Answer 46

talc - gypsum - calcite - fluorite - apatite - orthoclane - quartz - topaz - conrundum - diamond