Climate

Question 1

weather of a region over an extended period

Answer 1

climate

Question 2

elements of climate

Answer 2

temperature - precipitation - latitude - distribution of land and water - wind belts - monsoons - oceanic currents - vegetative cover - elevation - mountainranges

Question 3

primary factor of temperature and control, determines angle and duration of insulation

Answer 3

latitude

Question 4

unequal rates of heating and cooling bodies of land and water

Answer 4

distribution of land and water

Question 5

systems of convection cells resulting from alternating low and high pressure belts

Answer 5

wind belts

Question 6

seasonally reversing system of surface winds caused by temp. differences between land and ocean

Answer 6

monsoons

Question 7

transfers heat from the equator towards the poles

Answer 7

oceanic currents

Question 8

plays a role in water cycle

Answer 8

vegetative cover

Question 9

gradual decrease in ave. temp. or pressure within elevation

Answer 9

elevation

Question 10

serve as barriers to outbreaks of cold air; protect inland from severe storm

Answer 10

mountainranges

Question 11

show dominance of special combination of air-mass source regions; based on biomes

Answer 11

basic climate groups

Question 12

controlled by equitorial/tropical air masses

Answer 12

low-latitude climates

Question 13

examples of low-latitude climates

Answer 13

rainforest - savanna - desert

Question 14

tropical moist; rainfall is heavy in all months, rain often exceed 250cm; summers are very warm and humid

Answer 14

rainforest

Question 15

wet-dry tropical; very wet season and very dry season

Answer 15

savanna

Question 16

dry-tropical; covers 12% of the Earth’s surface

Answer 16

desert

Question 17

tropical air masses moving towards the pole

polar air masses moving towards the equator

Answer 17

mid-latitude climates

Question 18

types of mid-lat climates

Answer 18

steppe - chaparral - grassland - deciduos forest

Question 19

dry mid-latitude; grassland; semi-arid climate

Answer 19

steppe

Question 20

mediterranean; wet winter; dry summer

Answer 20

chaparral

Question 21

dry mid-latitude; dry climate (limited to NORTH AMERICA and EURASIA)

Answer 21

grassland

Question 22

moist continental; climate in the polar front zone

Answer 22

deciduous forest

Question 23

polar arctic masses dominate

Answer 23

high-latitude climates

Question 24

types of high-lat climates

Answer 24

taiga - tundra - alpine

Question 25

boreal forest; continental climate: long, cold winders; short, cool summers

Answer 25

taiga

Question 26

found among coastal areas; winter is long and severe and there is no true summer

Answer 26

tundra

Question 27

highland climate; cool to cold; mountains and plateaus; altitude > latitude

Answer 27

alpine

Question 28

factors of climate change

Answer 28

changes in output of energy by sun variation in the tile of the Earth's axis of rotation blocking of incoming solar radiation by pressure in atmosphere in human activity

Question 29

indicators of climate change

Answer 29

global warming; el nino & la nina

Question 30

natural and/or artificial fluctuations in global temperatures

Answer 30

global warming

Question 31

around 30% of light radiated towards the Earth is bounced by outer atmosphere and is scatted back into space

Answer 31

greenhouse effect

Question 32

remainder touches the planet's surface and is mirrored up again as a form of slow-moving energy called

Answer 32

infrared radiation

Question 33

heat produced by infrared radiation is absorbed by what

Answer 33

greenhouse gases

Question 34

examples of greenhouse gases

Answer 34

water vapor - carbon dioxide - ozone - methane

Question 35

causes of greenhouse gases

Answer 35

fossil fuel emissions (heightens greenhouse gas concentration)

Question 36

effects of greenhouse gases

Answer 36

earth's average temperature increases snow melts, increasing sea level and decreasing land surface many organisms will lose habitat due to flooding

Question 37

lessening production of greenhouse gases is what

Answer 37

kyoto protocol

Question 38

results form a band of warm ocean temperatures that occasionally develops off the western coasts of SOUTH AMERICA and can cause climactic changes across the pacific ocean

Answer 38

el nino and la nina

Question 39

high air surface pressure in western pacific cool nutrient-rich sea water is displaced by warmer water which is depleted of nutrients, resulting into a significant decline in marine life

Answer 39

el nino

Question 40

low air surface pressure in the western pacific

Answer 40

la nina

Question 41

excessive use of natural resources, introduction of pollutants to nature, production of harmful chemicals, etc.

Answer 41

human activities

Question 42

effects of air pollution

Answer 42

reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood lung cancer global warming acid rain (sulfuric acid and nitric acid caused by sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide reacting with water)

Question 43

area of thinning ozone layer (measured every october, INCREASE in size)

Answer 43

ozone hole

Question 44

effects of ozone hole

Answer 44

health hazards

Question 45

lessening on substances that deplete the ozone layer is called

Answer 45

montreal protocol

Question 46

no danger

Answer 46

0-2

Question 47

little risk/harm (from unprotected sun exposure)

Answer 47

3-5

Question 48

high risk/harm (from unprotected sun exposure)

Answer 48

6-7

Question 49

very high risk/harm (from unprotected sun exposure)

Answer 49

8-10

Question 50

extreme risk/harm

Answer 50

11-15