Stars and the Universe

Question 1

most accurate explanation of the beginning of universe

cataclysmic explosion that followed with the expansion and cooling of the universe

Answer 1

big bang theory

Question 2

plots stars according to their absolute magnitude and diagram spectral type;

divides stars into three general catagories:
main sequence
red supergiant
white dwarf

Answer 2

hertzsprung-russell diagram

Question 3

interstellar cloud consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium

birthplace of the stars

Answer 3

nebula

Question 4

gravitational attraction of particles in the nebula; start of hydrogen fusion

Answer 4

protostar

Question 5

a star with minimal change in size or energy output

Answer 5

main-sequence

Question 6

continuous hydrogen fusion until all hydrogen is depleted

Answer 6

star

Question 7

a star in which hydrogen is nearly depleted, resulting into a helium-rich core; start of core contraction

Answer 7

red giant

Question 8

a star slow consumption of depleted hydrogen fuel

Answer 8

white dwarf

Question 9

spherical cloud of particles made up of heavy elements

Answer 9

planetary nebula

Question 10

bright explosion of red supergiant

Answer 10

supernova

Question 11

small, extremely dense star resulting from a supernova implosion (collapsing violently inward)

Answer 11

neutron star

Question 12

resulting from supernova explosion of supermassive stars; produces a gravitational field that also attracts light

Answer 12

black hole

Question 13

group of stars seen from earth

forming patterns in the sky and changing position over time due to Earth’s revolution

Answer 13

constellation

Question 14

life cycle of a star (average)

Answer 14

nebula - protostar - main sequence star - red giant - planetary nebula - white dwarf

Question 15

life cycle of a star (massive star)

Answer 15

nebula - protostar - massive star - red supergiant - supernova - neutron star or blackhole

Question 16

what does star change in

Answer 16

size, temperature and luminosity

Question 17

classification of stars relies on

Answer 17

temperature, mass, radius, luminosity and lifetime

Question 18

types of stars

Answer 18

giant stars
white dwarfs
supergiant stars

Question 19

low mass, near the end of their lives

Answer 19

giant stars

Question 20

dying remnant of an imploded star

Answer 20

white dwarf

Question 21

high mass, hotter temperatures, brighter luminosities, much close to the end of their lives

Answer 21

supergiant star

Question 22

brightest star in the earth’s night sky

looks like one huge star but made up of several stars

Answer 22

sirius

Question 23

collection of interstellar matter, stars, and stellar remnants that are bound by gravity

Answer 23

galaxy

Question 24

types of galaxies

Answer 24

spiral galaxy
elliptical galaxy
irregular galaxy

Question 25

lines of equal brightness made up of concentric and similar ellipses

Answer 25

elliptical

Question 26

spiral shaped arms that spread from the nucleus outward to the edge

Answer 26

spiral

Question 27

grainy, highly irregular assemblages of luminous areas, with no distinct symmetry or central nucleus

Answer 27

irregular

Question 28

a galaxy group bound by gravity

Answer 28

galactic cluster

Question 29

doesnt produce its own light; illuminated by the sun and others

Answer 29

planets

Question 30

revolves around a planet reflects the light of a star

Answer 30

natural satellites/moon

Question 31

an interstellar (between stars) cloud of dust, hydrogen and plasma that come from exploded stars essential for the formation of new stars

Answer 31

nebula

Question 32

birth of galaxies

Answer 32

nebula - galaxy - stars - plannets - satellites

Question 33

the part of star hot enough to drive hydrogen atoms together, resisting forces of electromagnetic repulsion

Answer 33

core

Question 34

magnetized rotating star that emits electromagnetic radiation that can be observed as pulses of light

Answer 34

pulsar

Question 35

stars from highest to lowest temperature

Answer 35

blue - white - yellow - orange - red

Question 36

incapable of producing THEIR OWN LIGHT

Answer 36

planets/comet/moon

Question 37

falling star visible boulder-sized debris

Answer 37

meteor

Question 38

small piece of rock traversing across outer space

Answer 38

meteoroid

Question 39

meteoroid upon reaching a planet's atmosphere, falling towards planet's surface

Answer 39

meteor

Question 40

meteor upon reaching a planet's surface

Answer 40

meteorite

Question 41

distance that light can travel within a year

Answer 41

light years

Question 42

rocky/metallic material more than 100m in diameter

Answer 42

asteroid

Question 43

loose collection of rocky material, frozen gases, dust and ice

Answer 43

comet

Question 44

spherical celestial bodies orbiting the Sun that are too small to remove smaller objects in their orbit ex: Ceres

Answer 44

dwarf planets