Atmosphere and acids - TN Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

at what pH would a substance be considered a strong/weak acid/alkali

A

0-3 strong acid
4-6 weak acid
8-10 weak alkali
11-14 strong alkali

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2
Q

how does methyl orange change colour with pH

A

red yellow yellow

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3
Q

what colours is universal indicator in varying pHs

A
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4
Q

four most abundant gases and their percentages

A

nitrogen - 78
oxygen - 21
argon - 0.96
carbon dioxide - 0.04

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5
Q

how do we measure the percentage of oxygen experimentally

A

react with another element, often a metal.
- the air gradually decreases in volume until all of the oxygen has been reacted
- using a measuring cylinder, measure the change in volume
- %O = (decrease in volume)/(initial volume) x 100

if in the experiment the volume does not decrease by 21%,:
–the metal wasn’t heated for long enough for all the oxygen to be reacted
–there was a leak in the apparatus

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6
Q

what is element combustion

A

when an element reacts with oxygen to produce an oxide

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7
Q

what is he word equation of element combustion

A

element + oxygen -> element oxide

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8
Q

what substance forms after the element combustion of a metal and what state of matter is it in

A

metal oxide
solid

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9
Q

what substance forms after the element combustion of a non-metal and what state of matter is it in

A

non-metal dioxide
gas

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10
Q

describe the combustion of magnesium in oxygen

A

creates magnesium oxide

observations:
- bright white light
- white powder formed

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11
Q

describe the combustion of sulfur in oxygen

A

creates sulfur dioxide

observe a blue flame

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12
Q

describe the combustion of hydrogen in oxygen

A

creates hydrogen oxide (water)

observe a squeaky pop

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13
Q

two charges of iron

A

2+ and 3+

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14
Q

charge of zinc

A

Zn2+

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15
Q

charge of silver

A

Ag+

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16
Q

charge of copper

17
Q

charge of lead

18
Q

why is the chemical test for oxygen when a glowing splint relights

A

because the oxygen allows the wood in the splint to combust more efficiently

19
Q

how would you test to see if an unknown element was a metal or a non-metal

A
  1. combust in oxygen (to create the element oxide)
  2. dissolve the oxide formed
  3. check the pH of the solution with an indicator
20
Q

what pH solutions do metal oxides form

21
Q

what pH solutions do non-metal dioxides form

22
Q

define an acid

23
Q

difference between alkali and base

A

it is always a base. if it is soluble it can also be called an alkali

an alkali is a soluble base (it can dissolve in water)

24
Q

Define a base

25
define an alkali in terms of the transfer of ions
OH- donor
26
why are acids acidic
because H+ ions cause a low pH, and these are what acids donate when dissolved
27
why are alkali alkaline
because OH- ions cause a high pH, and these are what alkali donate when dissolved
28
why do bases cause a high pH when dissolved
29
name the five most important acids
hydrochloric acid nitric sulfuric phosphoric carbonic
30
name the three most important and the main trend of alkalis
- sodium hydroxide - potassium hydroxide - ammonium hydroxide all soluble metal hydroxides
31
name the most important and the main trend of bases
ammonia - all metal oxides - all metal hydroxides
32
what is a polyatomic ion
an ion that contains more than one atom eg NO3 - and SO4 2-
33
word equation for the reaction between acids an bases
acid + base -> salt + water
34
observations seen in an acid+base reaction
- the base disappears (because it has been used up in the reaction
35
what reaction can be used to make salt crystals
acid + base
36
what are the four steps for making soluble salt crystals using the insoluble base method
37
word equation for the reaction between acids and carbonates
acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
38
observations of the reaction between acids and carbonates
- carbonate disappears (it is used up in the reaction) - effervescence (CO2 gas produced)
39
during an acid/base reaction or an acid/carbonate reaction, what would the result be if the salt produced was soluble
it would dissolve into the water to form a salt solution eg: