Metals

Question 1

Properties of metals

Answer 1

• good thermal conductor
• shiny
• good electrical conductor
• most are solids at room temperature
• lustrous (can be polished
• sonorous (make a ringing sound when it)
• hard/strong
• high melting and boiling points

Question 2

Properties of non-metals

Answer 2

• dull
• bad thermal conductor
• bad electrical conductor
• most are liquids or gases at room temp
• brittle
• weak
• low melt and boil pnts

Question 3

Properties of Metallic bonding

Answer 3

– solid at room temp and pressure
- high melt and boil points
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- malleable
- ductile
- strong
- dense

Question 4

What structure does metallic bonding create

Answer 4

Giant Metallic Lattice Structure

Question 5

what is Metallic Bonding

Answer 5

The electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 6

Why are metallic structures Malleable, Ductile, and Strong

Answer 6

The layers of metal ions are able to slide over each other so the structure will not shatter.
The metallic bonds do not break because the delocalized electrons are free to move around the structure

Question 7

Unique characteristics of Group 1 Alkaline Metals

Answer 7

• Soft (can be cut with a knife)
• Low density (float on water)
• Low melt and boil pts (Na melts into a ball in cold water)

Question 8

Group 1 Alkaline Metal Trends: Density, Boiling Points, Reactivity

Answer 8

As you go down the group:
Density increases
Melt and Boil pts decrease
Reactivity increases

Question 9

What happens to Potassium when added to water

Answer 9

Bursts into a lilac flame

Question 10

What happens to Sodium when added to water

Answer 10

Melts into a ball

Question 11

What is thermal decomposition

Answer 11

When heat energy is used to break down a substance

Question 12

What is OIL RIG

Answer 12

Oxidisation is loss of electron (or gain of oxygen)
Reduction is gain of electrons (or loss of oxygen)

Question 13

What is the Thermite Reaction

Answer 13

Iron(111) Oxide + Aluminium -> Aluminium Oxide + Iron

Question 14

What is the Thermite Reaction used for

Answer 14

Welding tracks together

Question 15

What is a REDOX reaction

Answer 15

The simultaneous reduction and oxidation of a species in a reaction

Question 16

What is rust

Answer 16

The corrosion of iron (other metals don’t rust they corrode)

Question 17

What is the chemical name for rust

Answer 17

Hydrated iron (lll) oxide

Question 18

Methods of preventing Rust

Answer 18

• Sacrificial Protection (coating in Zinc)
• galvanising
• Barrier methods (Coat in oil or grease or paint or plastic)

Question 19

What needs to be present for iron to rust

Answer 19

Both oxygen and water

Question 20

what is an alloy

Answer 20

a compound consisting of a metal with at least one other element

Question 21

what is steel a mix of

Answer 21

carbon and iron

Question 22

iron + oxygen + water ->

Answer 22

hydrated iron (lll) oxide

Question 23

why does reactivity increase as you go down group 1 (alkaline metals)

Answer 23

because the atoms get bigger with more shells meaning more shielding, less attraction to the nucleus and so they are more likely to lose their outer electron

Question 24

what is the oxidising agent

Answer 24

gains electrons from other atoms (it itself reduced)

Question 25

what is the reducing agent

Answer 25

donates electrons to the other atom (it itself being oxidised)

Question 26

what is a REDOX reaction

Answer 26

when reduction and oxidation simultaneously occur

Question 27

how are unreactive metals found in the earth's crust

Answer 27

as the uncombined element

Question 28

how are most metals extracted from the earth's crust

Answer 28

as ores

Question 29

what is the method of extraction of a metal related to? give 2 examples

Answer 29

its position in the reactivity series - carbon extraction for iron - - electrolysis for aluminium - al = more reactive than: iron

Question 30

why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 30

because the larger 'other' atoms cause an irregular pattern which doesn't allow particles to slide over each other

Question 31

what is thermal decomposition

Answer 31

when heat energy is used to break down a substance

Question 32

equation for the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonate

Answer 32

metal carbonate -> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 33

how is carbon dioxide normally collected and why

Answer 33

through downward delivery CO2 is denser than air so it sinks to the bottom of a tube and will stay there until you want to use it

Question 34

state the reactivity series

Answer 34

Question 35

equation for when metals react with cold water

Answer 35

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 36

what are the two observations of a reaction between metal and cold water

Answer 36

- effervescence (hydrogen gas) - solid disappears

Question 37

what are the four observations of Lithium Sodium and Potassium with water

Answer 37

solid floats - it is less dense than water effervescence - hydrogen solid moves - effervescence propels it around solid disappears

Question 38

what would you see when adding universal indicator in a reaction between a metal and cold water

Answer 38

turns dark blue because metal hydroxides are alkaline

Question 39

what can be observed when sodium reacts with cold water

Answer 39

solid melts solid floats - it is less dense than water effervescence - hydrogen solid moves - effervescence propels it around

Question 40

what can be observed when potassium reacts with water

Answer 40

solid melts lilac flame solid floats - it is less dense than water effervescence - hydrogen solid moves - effervescence propels it around

Question 41

why are the products of reacting metals with water and steam different

Answer 41

steam has more energy so both bonds in the water molecules can break

Question 42

how are metal + steam reactions normally carried out

Answer 42

Question 43

equation for the reaction between metal and steam

Answer 43

metal +steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 44

3.5.4

Question 45

What are the observations when an excess of magnesium powder is added to an aqueous solution of copper (II) sulfate

Answer 45

- pink/brown solid forms - solution turns colourless

Question 46

What is the meaning of exothermic

Answer 46

A reaction that gives out thermal energy