atmosphere (p2)

Question 1

what percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

what percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen gas

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

what percentage of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, noble gases and water vapour

Answer 3

small amounts

Question 4

describe the atmosphere of the early earth

how much CO2/O2?
how was nitrogen produced?

Answer 4

mainly carbon dioxide with little to no oxygen gas,
nitrogen was produced in volcanic eruptions and built up most of the atmosphere

Question 5

how old is the earth

Answer 5

4.6 billion years old

Question 6

how did the amount of C02 decrease?

Answer 6

dissolved in oceans,
formed compounds in oceans,
used by plants in photosynthesis,

Question 7

why does carbon dioxide dissolve in oceans

Answer 7

it is very soluble

Question 8

how did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase

Answer 8

algae photosynthesised , creating oxygen gas

Question 9

3 greenhouse gases

Answer 9

carbon dioxide
methane
water vapour

Question 10

human activities that release fossil fuels

Answer 10

deforestation
agriculture
burning fossil fuels
creating waste

Question 11

how is carbon monoxide released into the atmosphere

Answer 11

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

Question 12

harmful effects of carbon monoxide

Answer 12

leads to death
prevents red blood cells carrying oxygen

Question 13

what are particulates

Answer 13

solid particles such as unburnt carbon

Question 14

why are particulates harmful

Answer 14

cause respiratory problems
cause global dimming

Question 15

global dimming

Answer 15

the reduction in radiation from reaching the earths surface from the sun

Question 16

how are particulates released into the atmosphere

Answer 16

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

Question 17

what is soot

Answer 17

unburnt carbon

Question 18

why is carbon monoxide not easily detected?

Answer 18

it is colourless and odorless

Question 19

How has the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

Answer 19

increased

Question 20

How has the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

Answer 20

decreased

Question 21

How has the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere changed from the early atmosphere to today?

Answer 21

decreased

Question 22

how were oceans formed

Answer 22

Water vapour condensed as the Earth cooled and fell as rain
The rain collected to form oceans

Question 23

How has the global temperature changed in recent decades?

Answer 23

increased

Question 24

How has the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere changed?

Answer 24

increased

Question 25

Describe how deforestation leads to the greenhouse effect

Answer 25

- Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis - Fewer trees means less carbon dioxide can be removed - Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

Question 26

Describe how burning fossil fuels leads to the greenhouse effect

Answer 26

- Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere - Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas

Question 27

Describe how agriculture leads to the greenhouse effect

Answer 27

- Farm animals release methane - Methane is a greenhouse gas"

Question 28

Describe how creating waste leads to the greenhouse effect

Answer 28

- Carbon dioxide and methane are released at landfill sites when waste decomposes - Both are greenhouse gases

Question 29

what is climate change

Answer 29

The long term change in weather patterns

Question 30

Why is the evidence linking global warming to climate change reliable?

Answer 30

it is peer reviewed

Question 31

four effects of climate change

Answer 31

Rising sea levels More extreme weather conditions (storms and droughts) Changes in the distribution of wildlife Changes in rainfall patterns and temperatures

Question 32

what is carbon footprint

Answer 32

The amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the life cycle of something

Question 33

How can the carbon footprint be reduced?

Answer 33

Reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and methane

Question 34

How could emissions of carbon dioxide and methane be reduced?

Answer 34

- Use renewable energy resources instead of fossil fuels - Recycle more to avoid waste being sent to landfill - Reduce waste

Question 35

How is carbon monoxide released into the atmosphere?

Answer 35

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

Question 36

How are particulates released into the atmosphere?

Answer 36

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

Question 37

How is sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere?

Answer 37

Combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur impurities

Question 38

What harmful effects does sulfur dioxide cause?

Answer 38

acid rain respiratory problems

Question 39

How are oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere?

Answer 39

The reaction between oxygen and nitrogen caused by the heat of car engines

Question 40

What harmful effects do oxides of nitrogen cause?

Answer 40

Acid rain Respiratory problems