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bonding structures and properties (p1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of chemical bond?

A

Ionic, covalent and metallic

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2
Q

What bonding occurs in metals?

A

metallic

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3
Q

What bonding occurs in non-metals?

A

covalent

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4
Q

What bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal?

A

ionic

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5
Q

How do metals form ions?

A

lose electrons

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6
Q

How do non-metals form ions?

A

gain electrons

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7
Q

What charge do metal ions have?

A

positive

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8
Q

What charge do non-metal ions have?

A

negative

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9
Q

What charge do ionic compounds have?

A

neutral

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10
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction between ions with opposite charges

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11
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons between two atoms

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12
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction between postive metal ions and negative, delocalised electrons

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13
Q

In what type of bonding are electrons shared?

A

covalent

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14
Q

In what type of bonding are electrons transferred?

A

ionic

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15
Q

What charge are the ions of group 1 elements?

A

1+

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16
Q

What charge are the ions of group 2 elements?

A

2+

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17
Q

What charge are the ions of group 6 elements?

A

2-

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18
Q

What charge are the ions of group 7 elements?

A

1-

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19
Q

What structure do ionic compounds have?

A

giant ionic lattice

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20
Q

What substances contain covalent bonds?

A

Small molecules, giant covalent structures, polymers

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21
Q

What forces are found between molecules?

A

intermolecular forces

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22
Q

What side of the periodic table contains metals?

A

left

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23
Q

What side of the periodic table contains non metals?

A

right

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24
Q

How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

A

1

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25
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
2
26
If the temperature is below the melting point of a substance, what state will it be?
solid
27
If the temperature is between the melting and boiling point of a substance, what state will it be?
liquid
28
What does (s) mean?
solid state
29
What does aqueous mean?
dissolved in water
30
What does (aq) mean?
aqueous state
31
What does (l) mean?
liquid state
32
What does (g) mean?
gaseous state
32
If the temperature is above the boiling point of a substance, what state will it be?
gas
33
What state change happnes when a solid changes to a liquid?
melting
34
What state change happens when a liquid turns to a gas?
boiling or evaporating
35
What state change happens when a liquid turns to a solid?
freezing
36
What state change happens when a gas turns to a liquid?
condensing
37
What structure do ionic substances have?
giant ionic
38
What structure do metallic substances have?
giant metallic
39
What structures do covalent susbtances have?
Giant covalent or simple covalent
40
What do substances need to conduct electricity?
Charged particles that can move
41
Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?
ions are not free to move
42
Why can metals conduct electricity?
The delocalised electrons are free to move
43
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or aqueous?
ions are not free to move
44
Why can't simple covalent substances conduct electricity?
have no charged particles
45
Which structures have substances with high boiling points?
Giant covalent, giant ionic and giant metallic
46
Which structures have substances with low boiling points?
simple covalent
47
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity
when molten or aqueous
48
Why do giant covalent compounds have high melting and boiling points?
The strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
49
Why do simple covalent substances have low melting and boiling points?
The weak intermolecular forces do not require much energy to break
50
What type of bond links the atoms in polymers?
covalent
51
What are alloys?
A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
52
Why are metals mixed with other elements to form alloys?
Metals are too soft for many uses
53
Why can metals conduct thermal energy?
energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons
54
What element is diamond made up of?
carbon
55
What element is graphite made up of?
carbon
56
What element is graphene made up of?
carbon
57
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
4
58
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
has electrons that are free to move
59
Why does graphene conduct electricity?
It has electrons that are free to move
60
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in graphite?
covalent bonds
61
What connects the layers in graphite?
weak forces
62
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in diamond?
covalent bonds
63
What bonds connect the carbon atoms in graphene?
covalent bonds
64
How are the carbon atoms arranged in graphite?
Hexagonal rings in layers
65
How are the carbon atoms arranged in graphene?
Hexagonal rings
66
Why does diamond have a high melting and boiling point?
The millions of strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
67
Why does graphite have a high melting and boiling point?
The millions of strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
68
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
69
What was the first fullerene to be discovered called?
Buckminsterfullerene

chemistry (15 decks)

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