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atomic structures (p1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

A

an atom

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of two or more different types of atom that are chemically bonded together

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made up of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded together

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A substance made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

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6
Q

How would you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

A

filtration

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7
Q

How would you separate two liquids?

A

Distillation

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8
Q

How would you separate a mixture of coloured compounds?

A

Chromatography

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9
Q

What was the model of the atom before electrons were discovered?

A

the atom is a tiny sphere that can not be divided

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10
Q

What is the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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11
Q

What is the nuclear model of the atom?

A

the atom contains a charged nucleus in the centre which contains most of the mass of the atom

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12
Q

What conclusions were drawn from the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A

The mass of an atom is concentrated in the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus is charged

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13
Q

Who adapted the nuclear model to included electron shells?

A

Niels Bohr

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14
Q

What was Niels Bohr’s contribution to the atomic model?

A

he suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances. His theoretical calculations agreed with experimental observations.

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15
Q

Who provided the evidence to show neutrons existed?

A

James Chadwick

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16
Q

What was James Chadwick’s contribution to the atomic model?

A

he provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus. This was about 20 years after the nucleus became an accepted scientific idea.

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17
Q

Why did the scattering experiment led to a change in the atomic model?

A

new evidence from the scattering experiment did not match predictions from the plum pudding model, so the model had to be changed

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18
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

1

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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20
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?

A

positive

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21
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

neutral

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22
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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23
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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24
What is the relative mass of an electron?
Very small (close to 0)
25
Where in atoms are protons found?
nucleus
26
Where in atoms are neutrons found?
nucleus
27
Where in atoms are electrons found?
electron shells
28
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
29
What does the atomic number of an atom represent?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
30
How can you work out the number of electrons in an atom?
It will be the same as the number of protons
31
How can you work out the number of protons in an atom?
It is the atomic number
32
How can you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?
It is the mass number - atomic number
33
What is relative atomic mass?
The average mass of all the atoms of an element
34
How is the electronic structure of an atom written?
as the numbers of electrons on each shell, separated by commas (e.g. 2, 8, 1)
35
How many electrons does the first electron shell hold?
2
36
How many electrons does the second electron shell hold?
8
37
How many electrons does the third electron shell hold?
8
38
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
By increasing atomic (proton) number
39
What are the rows in a periodic table called?
periods
40
What does the group number tell you about elements?
the number of electrons in the outer shell
40
What are the columns in a periodic table called?
groups
41
What do elements in the same group have in common?
they have similar properities
42
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (outer electrons)
43
Who developed the modern periodic table?
Mendeleev
44
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
For undiscovered elements
45
How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?
in order of increasing atomic weight - however, he changed the order for some elements based on their properties
46
Why was Mendeleev's periodic table accepted?
Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements which were later discovered
47
Where are metals found on the periodic table?
on the left hand side
48
Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?
on the right hand side
49
What charge do metal ions have?
positive
50
What charge do non metal ions have?
negative
50
How do metals form ions?
They lose electrons to form positively charged ions
50
How do non metals form ions?
They gain electrons to form negatively charged ions
50
What is the name of the elements in group 0?
noble gases
51
Why are group 0 elements unreactive?
their atoms have stable arrangements of atoms (full outer shells)
51
How does the boiling point of group 0 elements change as you go down the group?
Boiling point increases
51
What is the name of the metals in group 1?
alkali metals
51
How many electrons do group 1 metals have in their outer shell?
one
52
Why do group 1 metals have similar characteristic properties?
they all have one electron in their outer shell
53
What is seen when lithium reacts with oxygen?
a crimson flame
54
What is seen when sodium reacts with oxygen?
a yellow flame
55
What is seen when potassium reacts with oxygen?
lilac flame
55
What is seen when lithium reacts with chlorine?
crimson flame
56
What is seen when sodium reacts with chlorine?
yellow flame
57
What is seen when potassium reacts with chlorine?
lilac flame
57
What is seen when lithium reacts with water
the metal moves slowly on the surface of the water and fizzes
58
What is seen when sodium reacts with water?
the metal melts into a ball, moves quickly on the surface of the water and fizzes vigorously
59
What is seen when potassium reacts with water?
the metal melts into a ball, moves very quickly on the surface of the water and catches fire with a lilac flame
60
How does the reactivity of group 1 metals change as you go down the group?
they get more reactive
61
What is the name of the elements in group 7?
halogens
62
How many electrons do group 7 elements have in their outer shell?
7
63
Why do group 7 elements have similar characteristic properties?
they all have seven electrons in their outer shell
64
How does the mass of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?
higher mass
65
How does the reactivity of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?
less reactive
65
How does the melting and boiling point of group 7 elements change as you go down the group?
melting and boiling points increase
66
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
67
how do you work out the number or protons
number of protons = atomic number
68
how do you work out the number of electrons
number of electrons = atomic number
69
how do you work out the number of neutrons
number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

chemistry (15 decks)

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