Atomic Bonds

Question 1

Two types of forces

Answer 1

Attractive and Repulsive

Question 2

The magnitude of each depends on the separation or ____

Answer 2

Interatomic Distance

Question 3

Is the sum of both attractive and repulsive compopnents

Answer 3

Net Force

Question 4

A state of _____ exists when Fa and Fr balance or become equal.

Answer 4

Equilibrium

Question 5

Equilibrium spacing is labeled as _____

Answer 5

r0

Question 6

Corresponds to the energy at this minimum point

Answer 6

Bonding Energy

Question 7

Three types of primary or chemical bonds found in solids

Answer 7

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

Question 8

It is always found in compounds and are composed of both metallic and nonmetallic elements, elements that are situated in the horizontal extremities of the periodic table

Answer 8

Ionic Bonding

Question 9

An atom with an electrical charge

Answer 9

Ions

Question 10

The attractive bonding forces are _____

Answer 10

Coulombic

Question 11

The magnitude of the bond is equal in all directions around an ion

Answer 11

Nondirectional

Question 12

Predominant bonding in ceramics

Answer 12

Ionic Bonding

Question 13

Stable electron configurations are assumed by sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms

Answer 13

Covalent Bonding

Question 14

In this model, these valence electrons are not bound to any particular atom in the solid and more ore less free to drift throughout the entire metal

Answer 14

Metallic Bonding

Question 15

The remaining nonvalence electrons and atomic nuclei in metallic bonding form what are called _____

Answer 15

Ion Cores

Question 16

Possess a net positive charge equal in magnitude to the total valence electron charge per atom

Answer 16

Ion Cores

Question 17

Maximum number of valence electrons for metallic materials

Answer 17

3

Question 18

% Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds

Answer 18

{ 1 - exp[ -(0.25 ) (Xa-Xb)^2) ] } x 100

Question 19

they may have high melting temperatures as in diamond or low as in bismuth

Answer 19

Covalent Bonding

Question 20

may be very strong as in diamond or as weak as in graphite

Answer 20

Covalent Bonds

Question 21

Bonds that are weak in comparison to the primary or chemical ones

Answer 21

Secondary Bonds or van der Waals

Question 22

Secondary bonds are also known as

Answer 22

van der Waals

Question 23

exists between virtually all atoms or molecules, but its presence may be obscured if any of the three primary bonding types is present

Answer 23

Secondary Bonding

Question 24

Exists whenever there is some separation of positive and negative portions of an atom or molecule

Answer 24

Dipole

Question 25

A special type of secondary bonding to exist between some molecules that have hydrogen as one of the constituents

Answer 25

Hydrogen Bonding

Question 26

Occurs when a normally electrically symmetric atom or molecule undergo temporary distortions in its electron cloud resulting in the creation of small electrical dipole

Answer 26

Fluctuating Induced Dipole Bond

Question 27

Exist by virtue of an asymmetrical arrangement of positively and negatively charged regions

Answer 27

Polar molecule-induced Dipole Bonds

Question 28

Exist between adjacent polar molecules and are the strongest type of secondary bonds

Answer 28

Permanent Dipole Bonds