Atomic structure

Question 1

What are isotopes?

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 2

Definition of relative atomic mass

Answer 2

Average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element relative to carbon-12.

Question 3

Definition of 1st ionisation energy

Answer 3

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous positive ions.

Question 4

Definition of 2nd ionisation energy

Answer 4

Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous positive ions to form one mole of dipositive ions.

Question 5

What is this equation showing?
H(g) —> H+(g) + e-

Answer 5

First ionisation energy

Question 6

What is this equation showing?

Ti+(g) —> Ti2+(g) + e-

Answer 6

2nd ionisation energy

Question 7

What happens in ionisation

Answer 7

Positive ions are formed (converted into positive charges)

Question 8

What is electrospray?

Answer 8

• high voltage needle
• molecule gains a H+

Question 9

What is electron impact?

Answer 9

• Electron gun
• Knocks off electrons

Question 10

What happens in acceleration (mass spectroscopy)?

Answer 10

Positively ions are accelerated towards a negatively charged plate

Question 11

Ion drift (mass spectroscopy)

Answer 11

Ions drift at the same speed as they left the electrical field

Question 12

What happens in detection (mass spectroscopy)?

Answer 12

When the positive ion hits the detector, they gain an electron and generates current. The greater the the current means the greater the abundance.