Atomic Structure Flashcards
(17 cards)
What makes up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What are protons?
Positively charged subatomic particles
What subatomic particles are neutral?
Neutrons
What are electrons?
Negatively charged subatomic particles
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an element
What is the atomic mass?
The number of protons and neutrons in an element
How do you find the neutron number?
Atomic mass - atomic number
What are isotopes?
The same chemical element has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What surrounds the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons
What is a positively charged atom?
A cation
What is a negatively charged atom?
An anion
What is the maximum number of electrons the first shell can hold?
1s = 2
2 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons the second shell can hold?
2s = 2
2p = 6
8 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons the third shell can hold?
3s = 2
3p = 6
3d = 10
18 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons the fourth shell can hold?
4s = 2
4p = 6
4d = 10
4f = 14
32 electrons
What is an ionic bond?
The complete transfer of electrons between atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
The sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
