Macromolecules Flashcards
(16 cards)
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements make up lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements make up proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What elements make up nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
What are the building blocks (monomers) of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What are the types of carbohydrates?
Glucose, lactose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose
What are the types of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
What makes up most lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is the building block (monomer) of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the building block (monomer) of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What are nucleotides made up of?
Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What type of lipid is the main form of stored energy in the body?
Triglycerides
Why are carbohydrates important to an organism?
They play a role in cellular respiration which turns glucose into ATP. This acts as a quick energy source.
Why are lipids important to an organism?
They make up cell membranes, are used for long-term energy storage, and act as hormones (chemical messengers).
Why are proteins important to an organism?
They act as protein channels, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, and insulin.
Why are nucleic acids important to an organism?
They hold genetic information in the form of RNA and DNA.
