Atomic structure Flashcards
(20 cards)
The periodic table is made up of?
Elements
All substances are made up of tiny particles called?
Atoms
Element
Made up of only one type of atom.
Compound
Made up of 2 or more different atoms, chemically bonded.
Mixture
2 or more different substances NOT chemically bonded.
Molecule
2 or more atoms chemically bonded. They can be the same or different atoms.
Cl2 and H2O are known as molecules
Describe an atom
Has a tiny nucleus in the centre, surrounded by electrons.
Name the reactants
hydrogen + oxygen –> water
Hydrogen + oxygen
Name the product/s
hydrogen + oxygen –> water
Water
Define the Law of conservation of mass
The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants
Name the state symbol:
(s)
Solid
Name the state symbol:
(l)
Liquid
Name the state symbol:
(g)
gas
Name the state symbol:
(aq)
Aqueous (dissolved in water)
Filtration
Used to separate insoluble substances from a liquid
Use filter funnel and filter paper
Crystallisation
Used to obtain a pure salt from the salt solution. Heat solution until crystals begin to appear, then leave to coll and crystallise.
Evapourating dish, Bunsen, gauze, tripod, heat proof mat
Simple distillation
Used to collect the solvent from a solution. Heat the solution, the solvent evaporates and then cools and condenses when it hits the condenser.
e.g. water from salt water
Fractional distillation
Used to separate two or more miscible liquids that have different boiling points.
e.g. ethanol and water
Chromatography
Separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromotography paper. The different substances are separated because of their different solubilities in the solvent.
How do you calculate Rf?
Distance moved by spot /
distance moved by solvent
