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atomic structure Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest part of an element

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2
Q

what are the models in order

A

Dalton Model, Plum Pudding Model, Rutherford Model, Bohr Model, Quantum Model

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3
Q

what is dalton’s atomic theory

A
  • all matter is composed of small particles called atoms which cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed
  • atoms of an element are identified in their physical or chemical element
  • atoms of different elements differ in their physical or chemical properties
  • atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
  • in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separation or rearranged, but never created or destroyed
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4
Q

changes to Dalton’s theory

A
  • atoms can be subdivided , created and destroyed ( atomic bomb, man made elements)
  • atoms of the same element are NOT identical (isotopes)
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5
Q

what does Dalton’s model show

A

that atoms are tiny particles with no internal structure

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6
Q

what is the Plum pudding model

A

-1904, Thompson disproved Dalton’s model of the atom

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7
Q

how did Thompson discover the electron

A

used a cathode ray tube (CRT)

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8
Q

what does the Plum Pudding model show

A

that negatively charged particles balance the positively charged particles to make atom neutral

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9
Q

what is the Rutherford model

A

in 1911, Rutherford disproved Thompson’s Plum Pudding model

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10
Q

how did Rutherford disprove Thompson’s Plum Pudding Model

A

he shot positively charged particles at a thin foil of god (Gold foil experiemnt)

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11
Q

what does the Rutherford model show that

A
  • the nucleus is small and positive because few positively charged particles were deflected
  • the electron cloud is large and negative because many positively charged particles penetrated
  • most of the mass is in the nucleus
  • most of the atom is empty space
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12
Q

Bohr model

A

-in 1913, Bohr said electrons travel around the nucleus in specific energy levels

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13
Q

why is the Bohr model incorrect

A

because it is difficult to pinpoint fast moving electrons

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14
Q

what is the quantum model

A

in 1926 a present day model of the atom shows electrons have wavelike properties and are somewhere in the electron cloud

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15
Q

what are the atom parts

A

the nucleus and electron cloud

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16
Q

the nucleus

A
  • in the center
  • smallest region
  • positively charged
  • has most of the mass
17
Q

the electron cloud

A
  • the outer region
  • largest region
  • negatively charged
  • mostly empty space
18
Q

where is proton found

19
Q

charge of proton

20
Q

symbols of proton

A

1+ or +

p+ or p

21
Q

what is the mass of a proton

A

1.673 x 10-27kg

22
Q

location of neutron

23
Q

charge of neutron

24
Q

symbols for neutron

25
mass of neutron
1.675 x 10-27 kg
26
location of electrons
electron cloud
27
charge of electron
negative
28
symbols of electron
1- or - e- or e
29
mass of electron
9.109 x 10-31kg
30
atomic number
- each element has different atomic number - elements are arranged according to increasing atomic number - reveals the number of protons - also reveals the number of electrons ( if the element is neutral)
31
what is the mass number
sum of the protons and neutrons | round the average atomic mass to a whole number
32
neutron number
neutron number = mass number minus atomic number
33
what is an ion
an atom that gains or loses electrons
34
what is a cation
- an ion with a positive charge | - loses electrons
35
what is a anion
an ion with a negative charge | gains electrons
36
what is an isotope
- all have the same number of protons - all have the same chemical behavior - the mass number is different because the umber of neutrons is different
37
how are isotopes written
hydrogen-2 | H-2
38
what is the average atomic mass
- decimal # on the periodic table - it is calculated using all naturally occurring isotopes of an element - keep all numbers after the decimal - the unit is amu ( atomic mass unit)
39
what is the percent abundance
occurrence of an isotope in nature one number after the decimal the unit is %