solutions

Question 1

mixture

Answer 1

two or more substances physically combined

Question 2

homogenous

Answer 2

a mixture that is uniform throughout (solution)

Question 3

heterogenenous

Answer 3

a mixture that is not uniform throughout

Question 4

soluble

Answer 4

a substance that is dissolved (aqueous)

Question 5

insoluble

Answer 5

a substance that does not dissolve (a precipitate)

Question 6

solution

Answer 6

a homogenous mixture that contains a solute that is fully dissolved in a solvent

Question 7

solution examples

Answer 7

steel, sugar water, air

Question 8

solute

Answer 8

substance that dissolves in .a solvent

Question 9

solvent

Answer 9

substance that dissolves a solute

Question 10

what does the solvent do in a solution

Answer 10

pulls the solute apart and distributes the particles

Question 11

saturated

Answer 11

solution that can not dissolve any more solute at a given temperature and pressure

Question 12

unsaturated

Answer 12

a solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature and pressure

Question 13

supersaturated

Answer 13

a solution in which excess solute precipitates out of the solution at a given temperature and pressure q

Question 14

what is solubility

Answer 14

maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

Question 15

precipitate

Answer 15

forms if the substance is insoluble

Question 16

substance is aqueous

Answer 16

if the substance is soluble

Question 17

non polar covalent bond

Answer 17

bond in which electrons are equally shared

Question 18

polar covalent bond

Answer 18

electrons not equally shared
-one element is more electronegative, so electrons more attracted to more electronegative element, creating a partial charge

Question 19

nonpolar dissolves in

Answer 19

nonpolar

Question 20

polar dissolves in

Answer 20

polar

Question 21

miscible

Answer 21

two liquids are soluble in each other

Question 22

immiscible

Answer 22

two liquids are not soluble in each other

Question 23

what factors affect the rate of solubility

Answer 23

surface area
temperature
pressure of gas

Question 24

how does temp affect solubility

Answer 24

• increased temp of a solid to increase solubility

- decrease temp of a liquid or gas to increase solubility

Question 25

how does surface area affect solubility

Answer 25

agitation (stirring) allows smaller particles to contact the solute

Question 26

how does pressure of a gas increase solubility

Answer 26

increasing the pressure of a gas increases the solubility

Question 27

what does a solubility graph show

Answer 27

shows how temperature affects solubility

Question 28

indentify the species of the graph

Answer 28

unsaturated: below the curve saturated: on the curve supersaturated: above the curve

Question 29

what is a stock solution

Answer 29

- called standard solution | - solution whose concentration is known

Question 30

concentrated

Answer 30

if a solute contains a large amount of product

Question 31

dilute

Answer 31

if it contains a small amount of solute

Question 32

concentration

Answer 32

a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent

Question 33

molarity

Answer 33

measure of concentration of a solute unit M or moles/litres

Question 34

molarity formula

Answer 34

moles of a solute /litres of solution

Question 35

dilution

Answer 35

used to dilute a stock solution | remember significant figures

Question 36

dilution formula

Answer 36

m1 x v1 = m2 x v2

Question 37

how to prepare a standard solution

Answer 37

1. mass the solute 2. add the solute and deionized water 3. swirl solution and dissolve solute 4. add deionized water to the mark

Question 38

water

Answer 38

- the most common solvent | - H and O held together by polar covalent bonds

Question 39

charges of water

Answer 39

- partial positive charge around both hydrogens | - partial negative charge around the oxygen

Question 40

shape of water

Answer 40

bent shape because the two unshared electrons pairs require more space

Question 41

what are the properties of water (non -high ones)

Answer 41

- unequal distribution of electrons - soluble because of polarity - dissolve nonpolar molecules like alcohols and sugars

Question 42

properties of water (high ones)

Answer 42

- high heat of vaporization - high specific heat - high cohesive forces - high adhesive forces

Question 43

heat of vaporization

Answer 43

heat required to change 1 g of H2O to gas

Question 44

specific heat

Answer 44

heat required to change 1 g of H2O to 1 degree

Question 45

cohesive force

Answer 45

attraction between like molecules

Question 46

adhesive forces

Answer 46

attraction between unlike molecules

Question 47

solid water

Answer 47

arranged in orderly, open framework result in a less dense substance

Question 48

liquid water

Answer 48

move and allow opposing forces to come between the molecules, results in a denser substance

Question 49

intramolecular forces

Answer 49

forces that hold atoms together within a molecule stronger than intermolecular forces

Question 50

types of intramolecular forces

Answer 50

ionic bond | covalent bond

Question 51

intermolecular forces

Answer 51

forces that hold two or more molecules together

Question 52

types of intermolecular forces

Answer 52

dipole-dipole hydrogen bond london dispersion force

Question 53

dipole-dipole

Answer 53

an attraction between oppositely charger regions of polar molecules

Question 54

hydrogen bond

Answer 54

a type of dipole-dipole force in which a H in one molecule bonds with a F, O , or N in another molecule (is very strong)

Question 55

landon dispersion force

Answer 55

type of van der Waal force that occurs between non polar molecules in which electrons shift positions (very weak)

Question 56

what is an electrolyte

Answer 56

an ionic compound whose solution conducts electricity because it dissociates

Question 57

strong electrolyte

Answer 57

a strong acid and strong base, completely dissociates

Question 58

weak electrolyte

Answer 58

weak acid and weak base, does not completely dissociate

Question 59

non electrolyte

Answer 59

a compound whose solution does not conduct electricity because it does not dissociate

Question 60

what dissociate

Answer 60

ionic compounds, breaks into the individual atoms

Question 61

does not dissociate

Answer 61

does not break into individual atoms, breaks into individual molecules

Question 62

examples of non electrolytes

Answer 62

water, sugar, alcohol

Question 63

is water polar

Answer 63

yes