Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Elements

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

The number of protons in nucleus of atoms
Identifies element, no 2 elements have same atomic numbers
Determined by Henry Moseley

Question 2

Mass number

Answer 2

The sum of number of protons & neutrons in nucleus

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

Atoms of same element that have same atomic numbers but different atomic masses
Same number of protons & electrons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 4

Average atomic mass

Answer 4

Weighted average of atomic masses of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Depends on mass & relative abundance of each elements isotopes

Question 5

Valence electrons

Answer 5

The electrons found in the outermost energy level

Question 6

Core electrons

Answer 6

All electrons but valence electrons

Question 7

Valence of atom

Answer 7

Absolute number of electrons gained, lost, or borrowed

Question 8

Spectroscope

Answer 8

Instrument used to analyse light by separating it into its component wavelengths

Question 9

Mass spectroscopy

Answer 9

Separates isotopes of same element based of differences in their mass

Question 10

Principal quantum number

Answer 10

Average distance of orbital from nucleus
Refers to principal energy levels
1,2,3,4…

Question 11

Angular momentum quantum number

Answer 11

Refers to shape of orbital

S,p,d,f

Question 12

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 12

Determines number of orbitals & their orientation within subshell
S = 1 space oriented orbital 
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7

Question 13

Spin Quantum Number

Answer 13

Refers to direction of electron spin

Either downward or upward

Question 14

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 14

Each electron orbital of an atom can only have 2 electrons, with opposite spins - not same 4 quantum numbers

Question 15

Aufbau Principle

Answer 15

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Question 16

Hund’s Rule

Answer 16

Electrons fills orbitals one at time, pairing will occur with addition of 1 more electron to each orbital

Question 17

Transition Elements

Answer 17

The elements involved with the filling a d-sublevel with electrons after 2 electrons are in the s-sublevel of next principal level

Question 18

Periodic Law

Answer 18

The chemical properties of elements vary periodically with their atomic numbers

Question 19

Electronegativity

Answer 19

A number that measures the relative strength with which the atoms of the element attract valence electrons in a chemical bond
The higher the number, the greater the attraction

Question 20

Ionisation

Answer 20

The removal of one or more electrons

Question 21

First ionisation energy

Answer 21

The energy needed to remove 1 outer electron from its atom

Question 22

Half-life

Answer 22

The time it takes for 1/2 of radioactive nuclei to decay

Question 23

Transmutation

Answer 23

Changing 1 element into another (by change in protons)

Either by radioactive disintegration or bombardment of nuclei of substance with particles from particle accelerator

Question 24

Radioactive dating

Answer 24

Determination of the age of a substance with bits of organic material trapped in them

Question 25

Nuclear reaction

Answer 25

Any reaction involving a change in nuclear structure

Question 26

Nuclear fission reaction

Answer 26

The splitting of a heavy nucleus into 2/more lighter nuclei

Question 27

Nuclear fusion reaction

Answer 27

The combination of very light nuclei to make a heavier nuclei

Question 28

Nucleons

Answer 28

Protons & neutrons in the nucleus

Question 29

Ground State

Answer 29

Lowest energy state available to the electron

Question 30

Excited State

Answer 30

Any level higher than the ground state

Question 31

Lyman Series (ultraviolet)

Answer 31

The emission that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than the first level down to n=1

Question 32

Balmer Series (visible)

Answer 32

The emissions that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than first level down to n=2

Question 33

Paschen Series (infrared)

Answer 33

The emissions that occur when an electron cascades from a level higher than the first level down to n=3

Question 34

Uncertainty Principle

Answer 34

The position & momentum of a particle cannot be accurately measured at the same time

Question 35

Photon

Answer 35

A quantum of electromagnetic waves; wave-packets of EM waves that carry energy

Question 36

Atomic Spectra

Answer 36

The range of frequency/wavelengths of EM waves emitted/absorbed during transitions of electrons between energy levels within an atom

Question 37

Alpha Decay

Answer 37

Emits alpha particle to get more stable nucleus, same composition as Helium nucleus

Question 38

Beta Decay

Answer 38

Emits an electron from nucleus

Question 39

Gamma Decay

Answer 39

Protons & neutrons reconfigure themselves & so release energy in the form of high wavelength electromagnetic wave (gamma ray)

Question 40

Radon

Answer 40

Gas produced from spontaneous disintegration of nuclei of radioactive elements

Question 41

Spectra

Answer 41

An array of entities, as light waves or particles, arranged in accordance with magnitude of a common physical property, as wavelength or mass