Bonding

Question 1

Monoatomic Molecules

Answer 1

Elements that show no tendency to combine with either atoms or other elements
Noble Gases

Question 2

Stable Octet

Answer 2

The arrangement of 2 s electrons & 6 p electrons in valence energy level
Noble Gases

Question 3

Ionic Bond

Answer 3

When ions are stuck together by electrostatic attraction
Electronegativity differ by 1.7 or more
Conduct electric currents

Question 4

Covalent bond

Answer 4

Sharing of electrons so that atoms can fill their outer shells

Question 5

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 5

When Electronegativity difference between 2/more atoms is between 0 & 0.4
Tend to share valence electrons in their outer energy levels

Question 6

Polar covalent bond

Answer 6

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

Electronegativity differences between 0.4 & 1.6

Question 7

Metallic Bond

Answer 7

Positive ions in a “sea” of electrons

The strong attraction between these differently charged particles

Question 8

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 8

Attractions between molecules

Johannes van dee Waals

Question 9

VSEPR

Answer 9

Valence shell electron pair repulsion
Assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry that minimise the repulsion between electrons in valence shell of atom

Question 10

Hybridisation

Answer 10

The combinations of more than 2 orbitals to form new orbitals
Number of new hybrid orbitals must be = to number of atoms & non-bonded electron pairs surrounding the central atom

Question 11

Linear Arrangement

Answer 11

Mutual repulsion of 2 electron clouds

Forces them to opposite sides of a sphere

Question 12

Trigonal-Planar arrangement

Answer 12

Minimum repulsion between 3 electron pairs occurs when pairs are at vertices if an equilateral triangle inscribed in a sphere

Question 13

Tetrahedral Arrangement

Answer 13

4 electron pairs are farthest apart at the vertices if a tetrahedron inscribed in a sphere

Question 14

Octahedral Arrangement

Answer 14

Mutual repulsion of 6 identical electron clouds directs them to the corners of an inscribed octahedron

Question 15

Sigma Bond

Answer 15

A bond between s orbitals or between a s orbital & another kind of orbital

Question 16

Pi Bond

Answer 16

A bond between p orbitals;
When 2 p orbitals share electrons in a covalent bond & the interaction is not symmetrical about a line between the 2 nuclei

Question 17

Molecule

Answer 17

The smallest particle of an element/compound that retains the characteristics of the original substance

Question 18

Dipole Molecule

Answer 18

Unequal sharing of electrons, molecule has 2 distinct ends from a charge perspective

Question 19

van der Waals forces

Answer 19

All intermolecular forces = attractions BETWEEN molecules

Question 20

London Dispersion Force

Answer 20

Attractions between molecules by temporary dipoles

Question 21

Dipole-dipole Attraction

Answer 21

Weak electrostatic forces of attraction between polar molecules due to partial charges on these molecules

Question 22

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 22

Hydrogen atoms form weak bonds with lone pair of electrons of other molecule, F, N, O

Question 23

Double Bond

Answer 23

Produced by sharing two pairs of electrons

Question 24

Triple Bond

Answer 24

Produced by sharing 3 pairs of electrons

Question 25

Molecular Geometry

Answer 25

3D arrangement of the molecule's atoms in space

Question 26

VSEPR Unshared

Answer 26

Lone pairs occupy space around central atom but actual shape of molecule is determined by the positions of the atoms