Atomic Theory Flashcards
1
Q
Democritus
A
- Everything composed of atoms that are physically indivisible
- Always moving
2
Q
Dalton
A
- Combines info to make sphere model
- Atoms can’t be created/destroyed
3
Q
Thomson
A
- Discovered e
- Pudding model
4
Q
Rutherford
A
Nucleus w/protons, neutrons
5
Q
Bohr
A
- NRG lvls
- Quantum levels
6
Q
Orbits
A
Circles around nucleus
7
Q
Quanta
A
Unit/packet of NRG
8
Q
Schrodinger Wave eqn
A
e is circular standing wave around nucleus
9
Q
Orbital
A
Probable area around nucleus e is found
10
Q
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
A
Impossible to know exact position and speed of e
11
Q
Quantum Mechanical Model
A
- e can be in diff orbitals from quantas of nrg
- e is a probability distribution
12
Q
Quantum Numbers
A
Desc quantum mechanical properties of orbitals
13
Q
Principal quantum number
A
- n
- desc size, nrg of orbital
- each orbital gets larger, not equally spaced
14
Q
Secondary quantum number
A
- l
- subshells
- desc shape of atomic orbital
- 0 to n - 1
15
Q
s
A
- n = 1
- l = 0
- sharp
16
Q
p
A
- n = 2
- l = 1
- principal
17
Q
d
A
- n = 3
- l = 2
- diffuse
18
Q
f
A
- n = 4
- l = 3
- fundamental
19
Q
Magnetic quantum number
A
- ml
- desc oritentation of atomic orbitals relative to other orbitals
- -l, 0, +l
20
Q
Nodes
A
areas of 0 probability of e-
21
Q
s orbitals shape
A
Spherical shapes
22
Q
p orbitals shape
A
- Lobes separated by nodes at nucleus
- multiple axis
23
Q
d orbitals
A
- 4 lobes around the centre
- 5th has two lobes + donuts
24
Q
Spin quantum number
A
- ms
- +1/2, - 1/2
- 1 spins up, 1 spins down
25
Pauli exclusion principle
No 2 e in same atom can have same quantum #
26
Aufbau Principle
e are added to lowest orbitals first
27
Hund's Rule
- e are distributed equally in orbitals
- no pairing happens until all spots are full
28
Valence of Metals are dependent on
s and d values
29
Valence of Nonmetals are dependent on
s and p values
