Atoms 1 (Brett)

Question 1

Democritus

Answer 1

Founded the atoms or ‘atomos’ in greek, and thought all matter was indivisible and that atoms were indestructible, and that they differed in size, shape, mass, position and arrangement

Question 2

John Dalton

Answer 2

agreed with Democritus, thought all matter was made of atoms, all atoms of elements are identical, all atoms of different elects are different, atoms can’t be created or destroyed (law of conservation of mass), atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds (law of definite proportions)

Question 3

J.J. Thompson

Answer 3

Discovered electrons with the Plum Pudding Model, electron is close to 2000x smaller than the atom, things are inside the atom, atom has electrons and positive body

Question 4

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 4

Not satisfied with current throes so he did and experiment, he projected a beam of alpha particles to a thin sheet of gold to probe inner structure of the atom, 99% went straight through the atom, 1/6000 deflected and 1/8000 reflected, proved that the atom is mostly empty, with electrons and a positive nucleus

Question 5

Nucleus and atom size relationship

Answer 5

nucleus is 10000x smaller than the atom

Question 6

Top number on periodic elements

Answer 6

atomic number

Question 7

Bottom number on periodic elements

Answer 7

Atomic mass

Question 8

RAM

Answer 8

Relative Atomic Mass

Question 9

Proton charge

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Proton mass

Answer 10

1

Question 11

Electron charge

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

Electron mass

Answer 12

1/2000

Question 13

Neutron charge

Answer 13

0

Question 14

Neutron mass

Answer 14

1

Question 15

proton to neutron relationship on the periodic table

Answer 15

same amount

Question 16

atomic number

Answer 16

number of protons

Question 17

Mass number

Answer 17

Protons & Neutrons

Question 18

How to work out neutron number

Answer 18

mass number - atomic number

Question 19

Electron configuration

Answer 19

arrangement of shells

Question 20

Max electron configuration

Answer 20

2,8,8,18,18…

Question 21

First 20 elements of periodic table (names)

Answer 21

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, CHlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium

Question 22

First 20 elements of periodic table (symbols)

Answer 22

H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca

Question 23

Group 1 elements

Answer 23

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)

Question 24

Pattern of elements going down groups

Answer 24

Boiling points reduce, melting points reduce, Density increases, more reactive, atomic radius increases

Question 25

Metal + Water –>

Answer 25

Metal hydroxide

Question 26

Why elements further down the table are more reavtive

Answer 26

More shells mean a higher atomic radius, which makes the connection between the electrons and nucleus is worse, hence meaning it is easer lose (or gain) electrons

Question 27

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 27

HCl

Question 28

Nitric acid

Answer 28

HNO3

Question 29

Sulfuric acid

Answer 29

H2SO4

Question 30

Reactive part of an acid

Answer 30

Hydrogen

Question 31

Metal Oxide + Acid –>

Answer 31

Salt + Water

Question 32

Scientific equipment

Answer 32

measuring cylinder, beaker, glass rod, spatula, conical flask, water bath, Bunsen burner, evaporating basin

Question 33

Acid + Base –>

Answer 33

Salt + Water

Question 34

Base

Answer 34

Soluble alkali

Question 35

Copper Sulfate Method

Answer 35

1.Place 75ml of sulfuric acid in a conical flash
2.Add one spatula of copper oxide powder to the acid and stir with a glass rod
3.Add one more spatula of copper oxide and stir for 2 minutes
4.Filter the mixture to remove the excess copper oxide
5.Pour the filtrate (copper sulfate) into an evaporating basin
6.Heat the contents of the evaporating basin gently until about a third of the solution has evaporated
7.Leave the solution to cool and then examine the crystals which are formed. be careful because the crystals are harmful

Question 36

Titration

Answer 36

neutralizing reactions

Question 37

Phenolphthalein

Answer 37

Turns purple for alkali/base

Question 38

Titration method

Answer 38

1.Set up experiment like diagram and wear safety equipment
2.Pour 50ml of HCl acid into the conical flask
3.Add 1-2 drops of phenolphthalein (indicator)
4.Fill up the burette with sodium hydroxide (alkali)
5.Run the alkali through the rube into the acid, and keep stirring the mixture clear
6.Look for a complete color change (mixture is pink/purple)