Atoms and molecules

Question 1

What is the Bohr model?

Answer 1

The model used to explain the arrangement of electrons to atoms.

Question 2

What shell is filled first?

Answer 2

The first shell

Question 3

If you are closer to the nucleus does it mean the electrons are more stable and it has a less energy state?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

How does the electrons move around the nucleus?

Answer 4

In orbits

Question 5

If the electrons are orbits further from the nucleus does it have more or less energy?

Answer 5

More energy

Question 6

What are the orbits called

Answer 6

Electron shells

Question 7

Electronic configuration

Answer 7

Arrangements of electrons in an atom

Question 8

What is the first 20 elements electronic configuration pattern.

Answer 8

2,8,8,2

Question 9

Other than the first 20 elements, what is the other elements electronic configuration pattern

Answer 9

2,8,18,32

Question 10

The electronic shells are shown in what shape?

Answer 10

Circles

Question 11

Are electrons drawn into pairs?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the outermost occupied shell called?

Answer 12

The valence shell

Question 13

What does the number of electrons in the valence shell determines?

Answer 13

The chemical properties of an element

Question 14

Ions are…

Answer 14

atoms that have lost their valence electron or gained valence electrons from another atom

Question 15

If an atom have lost their valence electron what is it called and are they positive or negatively charged?

Answer 15

Called cation and are positively charged

Question 16

If an atom have gained valence electrons from another atom what is it called and are they positive or negatively charged?

Answer 16

Called anion and are negatively charged

Question 17

When can ionisation occur? (2)

Answer 17

Atoms are exposed to radiation or atoms come together to form chemical bonds

Question 18

Are elements with fuller outer shells more stable?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

To become an cation an atom will… (2 things)

Answer 19

Positive charge and the name stays the same

Question 20

To become an anion an atom will… (2 things)

Answer 20

Negative charge and the name is changed usually (-ide) is added to the end

Question 21

Why do ions have charge?

Answer 21

Ions have charge because there will always be the same amount of protons than the original atom, as the number of electrons have changed.

Question 22

What are isotopes?

Answer 22

A different form of the same element with different amount of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 23

What happens to an unstable isotope?

Answer 23

It will decay over time and are radioactive

Question 24

What helps make the nucleus more stable

Answer 24

Neutrons

Question 25

What happens if the amount of protons change in an element

Answer 25

It won't be the same and will become a different element

Question 26

What do scientists use for their calculations revolving around isotopes and why?

Answer 26

They do it because there can more than one form of an element

Question 27

Are atomic mass in decimals or integers and why?

Answer 27

Atomic mass is always in decimals because it is averages of all forms of the element

Question 28

Are atomic numbers in decimals or integers and why?

Answer 28

Always integers because it stands for the number of protons

Question 29

Radionuclide

Answer 29

A radioactive isotope which can occur naturally or they can be manufactured in a nuclear reactor

Question 30

What happens during the radioactive decay in isotopes

Answer 30

Unstable atomic nucleus, called a radionuclide, loses energy and transforms into a more stable nucleus by emitting radiation

Question 31

Is radioactive decay spontaneous and what is the rate

Answer 31

Yes it is spontaneous, the rate at which it occurs is specific to each radionuclide, measured by its half life

Question 32

An alpha particle is a cluster of what?

Answer 32

It is a cluster of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 33

What will release alpha particles

Answer 33

Sometimes unstable isotopes release alpha particles

Question 34

When does alpha decay occur?

Answer 34

Only in atoms of heavy elements (where mass number is bigger than 100)

Question 35

Does alpha decay make it another element

Answer 35

Yes since the number of proton decreases and whenever protons changes it becomes a different element

Question 36

What is a beta particle equivalent to?

Answer 36

To an electron

Question 37

What happens to the nucleus when beta decay occurs?

Answer 37

A neutron in the nucleus turns in a proton and an electron.

Question 38

What happens to the new formed electron in beta decay, then what is the result after?

Answer 38

The electron gets ejected from the atom, since there is more protons than electrons the atomic number increases which means a new element is formed

Question 39

What are gamma rays?

Answer 39

Gamma rays are a form of high energy electromagnetic radiation where a photon is released from the element

Question 40

What are photons?

Answer 40

Photons are small packets of energy and have no mass

Question 41

What happens during gamma decay?

Answer 41

Protons and neutrons gets excited to a higher energy level when alpha and beta decay occur, as the protons and neutrons return to there normal energy level a gamma ray photon is released?

Question 42

What is required to stop alpha decay?

Answer 42

Anything thicker than paper

Question 43

What is required to stop beta decay?

Answer 43

Anything thicker than aluminium

Question 44

What is required to stop gamma decay?

Answer 44

Anything thicker than lead

Question 45

What is half life?

Answer 45

Half life is the time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay

Question 46

What are the side effects of radiation?

Answer 46

It can cause cells to die or mutate

Question 47

What happens if the ionising radiation damages the DNA in cells

Answer 47

It can cause them to turn into cancers

Question 48

When does cell death occurs and what will result in it happening?

Answer 48

Cell death occurs when ionising radiation enters the cells and destroys the biological molecules beyond repair, this may result in radiation burns or sickness

Question 49

What is matter?

Answer 49

Everything that makes up our universe?

Question 50

What is everything in our universe is made out of?

Answer 50

Everything in the universe is made up of some combination of the chemical elements described in the Periodic Table

Question 51

All the elements made during the big bang will last until when?

Answer 51

It will last until the end of time?

Question 52

Can matter be created, destroyed or changed?

Answer 52

CAN NEVER BE DESTROYED OR CREATED BUT CAN CHANGED

Question 53

What does mass refers to?

Answer 53

It refers to how much of a substance there is

Question 54

What is an atom?

Answer 54

Basic subunits of mass

Question 55

What are atoms made out of?

Answer 55

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 56

How many subatomic particle is in elements?

Answer 56

It is different

Question 57

Can elements be broken down to individual atoms?

Answer 57

Yes

Question 58

Can some substance be made out of only one type of atom?

Answer 58

Yes

Question 59

What is an element made out of?

Answer 59

Only one type of atom, and they will always behave the same way

Question 60

How are elements categorised?

Answer 60

Into metal non-metal

Question 61

How are elements placed onto a periodic table

Answer 61

According to their physical properties

Question 62

What is the atomic number?

Answer 62

Amount of protons in that element

Question 63

What are horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Answer 63

Periods

Question 64

What are vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Answer 64

Groups

Question 65

What will elements in the same group have in similar?

Answer 65

Similar properties

Question 66

Mass number what is it and where is it placed?

Answer 66

It is located under the atomic symbol which is like O for oxygen and it is neutrons and protons added