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Body systems Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Tissues

A

Made up of the same type of cells to make a tissue.

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2
Q

Organs

A

Made up of different types of tissues to make a tissue.

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3
Q

System

A

A group of organs working together

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4
Q

Connective tissue organs

A

Blood, fat, bone, ligaments, tendons. Surrounded by non-living material called a matrix.

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5
Q

Muscle tissue organs

A

Skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles. Helps parts of the body moves when it is connected to the skeleton however when connected to the heart it helps it contract.

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6
Q

Nervous tissue organs

A

The brain and nerves. Contain neuronal cells that enable different parts of the body to pass on messages.

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue organs

A

Skin, stomach, intestines. Usually large and flat, provide a barrier to the inside cells to the other organs.

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8
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of element that maintains the chemical and physical properties of that elements. Made out of protons, neutrons and electrons.

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9
Q

Molecule

A

Composed of 2 or more atoms that are bonded together in a particular way.

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10
Q

Macromolecule

A

A complex molecule made out of simpler molecules.

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11
Q

Digestion

A

Process by which food and drink are broken down and then are absorbed into our blood to be transported to cells

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12
Q

Teeth and mouth job

A

Physical breakdown of food and the beginning of the chemical breakdown

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13
Q

Oesophagus job

A

Tube of muscle that pushes food into the stomach through a process called a peristalsis.

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14
Q

Stomach job

A

Stores food while gastric juices including stomach acid perform a chemical digestion which turns the food into chyme

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15
Q

Pancreas job

A

Creates pancreatic juices containing digestive enzymes which neutralises the stomach acid

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16
Q

Liver and gallbladder

A

Stores and creates a mixture of chemical called bile that digest fat and also neutralises stomach acid.

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17
Q

Small intestine

A

5m long tube where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi

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18
Q

Large intestine

A

1.5m long tube where remaining vitamins and water are absorbed into the bloodstream

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19
Q

Rectum and anus

A

Storage and excretion of faeces out of the body

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20
Q

Physical digestion

A

Mechanical breakdown of food into smaller parts

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21
Q

Chemical breakdown

A

Chemical break the molecular bond in foods so it will be small enough to be absorbed

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22
Q

Nutrient absorption

A

Nutrients that are small enter the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine

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23
Q

Organs that are responsible for nutrient absorption

A

Villi

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24
Q

Organs that are responsible for chemical breakdown

A

Saliva, digestive enzymes and stomach acid

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25
Organs that are responsible for physical breakdown
Teeth and tongue
26
Carnivore teeth
Large sharp canine teeth to rip meat
27
Herbivore teeth
Large flat molars to grind on their food
28
Pharynx
The passage that connect the mouth to the trachea
29
Lungs
Organs that fill with air, and provides a surface for carbon and oxygen to be exchanged with the bloodstream
30
Diaphragm
A muscle that is attached to the lungs to pull the lungs open to fill it with air
31
Trachea
Main airway and branches into two bronchi
32
Bronchus
One bronchus enters each lung
33
Bronchioles
Many branches off each bronchi
34
Alveoli
Pouches that branch off the bronchioles and have a thin moist surface that allows gases to be exchanged with the bloodstream.
35
Enzymes
protiens that speed up the process of chemical reactions in the body
36
Cellular respiration
To create usable energy that our body can use
37
Stomach ulcers
Small open sores in the stomach lining
38
Gallstones
The gallbladder creates bile but sometimes it hardens and becomes stones
39
Gluten intolerance
Not having enough enzymes to process gluten
40
Constipations
Intestines can sometimes be blocked
41
Coughing and sneezing
Cilia is blocked by dust or objects that aren't gases
42
Asthma
When environmental triggers cause the airway to constrict
43
Emphysema
When you smoke and the harmful chemicals in the smoke damage the alveoli , which makes the body cannot get enough oxygen because it can't exchange gases easily
44
Pneumonia
Condition caused by bacterial or viral infections in the lungs, then the alveoli is filled with mucus, bacteria and fluid which prevents gas exchanging to be properly
45
Red blood cell
cell in the body that carries oxygen
46
Plasma
Yellow coloured fluid that forms part of the blood
47
White blood cell
An immune system cell that destroys pathogens
48
Platelets
Small disk-like cells that are involved in forming clots
49
Heart
A large two part pump that powers the circulatory system. One half collects oxygen and drops of carbon dioxide and the other half pushes the blood throughout the rest of the body.
50
Blood vessels
Pipes for blood to flow through, and they have different sizes and structures
51
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood throughout the body and have thicker muscular walls to withstand high pressures
52
Capillaries
Carry blood to and from individual cells and have thin walls for gas exchange
53
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart and contains valves to help blood move against gravity
54
Right side of the heart?
From the body so oxygenated
55
Left side of the heart?
To lungs so deoxygenated
56
Valve disease
Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards sometimes it gets damaged so the blood can't flow properly
57
Atherosclerosis
narrowing of blood vessels caused by a build up of plaque on the inside of veins and arteries making it harder for blood to flow through
58
Coronary heart disease
When heart's own vessels become blocked by fatty deposits, when a blockage occurs the heart's cells will not have enough oxygen and die. Referred to a heart attack.
59
Pericarditis
The pericardium is a thin sac that surrounds the heart helping it beat easily. Sometimes this thin layer of cells is infected by fluids or bacteria and fills with fluid making the heart not beat properly.
60
Kidney (Excretory system)
one on each side of the lower back, and are about 10 cm in size, filter waste from blood using nephrons, producing clean blood and urine.
61
Liver (Excretory system)
The liver metabolizes substances, breaking down amino acids into ammonia, which is converted into urea and filtered by the kidneys for excretion
62
Skin (Excretory system)
Releases waste heat through evaporation using sweat which contains urea (concentrated urine)
63
Excretory system
The excretory system is where the process of waste being made and released happens
64
UTI (urinary tract infection)
Bacterial infection of your urinary system, affects your bladder and antibiotics are used to treat it
65
Nephritis
Inflammation of the nephrons which are in the kidneys which affects kidneys' function which causes changes in urine habits and swelling in feet etc
66
Kidney stones
When there is too much calcium and the kidneys form crystals which block the flow of urine, minor one pass 3-6 weeks.
67
Transplantation
Last resort because of the long wait time, once it happens the patient has to take immunosuppressants to help the body not reject the organ.
68
Plants process
Osmosis to absorb water from the soil
69
Roots purpose
Anchor plants to the soil to absorb nutrients and water from the soil
70
Where does the water move in plants?
Water moves through the root cell membrane through a process called osmosis.
70
Roots process
First, roots take mineral salts from the soil and store them in the cells this makes the inside of the cell saltier than the outside. Water is attracted to salt so water will come to the plant since it is salty.
71
Stem purpose
Transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves
72
Xylem
Moves water from the roots to the top of the plant (straw like structure)
73
Phloem
Network of cells that transport the glucose made by the cell to other part soil the plant
74
Leaves purpose
Involved in exchanging gases
75
Stoma
Where carbon dioxide moves in and out of cells, and it has 2 specialised guard cells that are like plant pores
76
Guard cells function
Open and close depending if the plants need more or less water that the roots can replace
77
Photosynthesis
When there is sunlight leaves convert water from the roots and carbon dioxide from the stomata into glucose and oxygen
78
Circulatory system
Moves blood around the body

Science (3 decks)

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