atoms and the periodic table Flashcards
(25 cards)
proton
located in the nucleus, charge of +1, mass of 1
neutron
located in the nucleus, charge of 0, mass of 1
electron
located outside nucleus in energy levels, charge of -1, mass of 0
nucleon
particles found in nucelus
nucelus
area where protons and neutrons are located, necessary in atoms
isotope
atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
group
18 vertical columns of the periodic table
period
7 horizontal rows of the periodic table
valence
electron in the outermost energy level
metal
shiny, malleable, ductile, conduct electricity
non-metal
don’t conduct electricity, most are gases at room temperature
metalloid
have some of the properties of metals and nonmetals, sometimes conduct electricity
alkali metal
group 1, very reactive
alkaline earth metal
group 2, very reactive, don’t occur in nature naturally
transition metal
in the middle of the table
halogen
group 17, extremely reactive, mostly gases
noble gas
group 18, least reactive,
atomic number
number of protons- defines element, lower left corner
atomic mass number
number of neutrons + protons- how much mass an atom’s nucleus has, upper left corner
average atomic mass
average mass of the mixture of isotopes
abundance
amount of isotopes that occur in an element
periodicity
repeating patterns we see when elements are organized a certain way
atomic radius
how big an atom is, depending on what period that affects the size
chemical property
a property of a substance that is observed during a reaction when the substance is changed
