matter bonding reactions Flashcards
(24 cards)
element
substance that can’t be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
compound
substance made up of 1 or more elements, joined by chemical bonds
mixture
combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
homogeneous mixture
mixture that looks the same, can’t tell things in it apart
heterogeneous mixture
mixture that looks different, can tell things in it apart
ionic compound
high melting point, crystalline, high boiling point, held together by strong ionic bonds, form conductive solutions when dissolved in water
covalent compound
low melting points, most gases at room temperature, doesn’t form conductive solutions when dissolved in water
covalent bond
bond formed when atoms share electrons
ionic bond
bond formed when atoms transfer electrons
chemical property
properties that change the identity of the substance, ex. reactivity, flammability
physical property
properties that don’t change the identity of the substance, ex. color, density, melting point, solubility
monoatomic ion
an ion made of one atom
polyatomic ion
an ion made of two or more atoms
endothermic
energy absorbed by reaction, surroundings become cooler
exothermic
energy released by reaction, surroundings become warmer
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
law of conservation of matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
combustion
the oxidation reaction of an organic compound in which heat is released, CxHy + O2 —> CO2 + H2O
nomenclature
the naming of something
pure substance
a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
synthesis
A + B —> AB
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
decomposition
AB —> A + B
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
single replacement
A + BC —> B + AC
a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound
double replacement
AB + CD —> CB + AD
a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds
